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This Chapter Verse Commentaries:
And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6), by which, in the 34 verses of this Introduction, each one of 102 separate acts are emphasized; and the important word "God" in Gen_1:1 is carried like a lamp through the whole of this Introduction (Gen_1:1 Gen_2:3).
the earth. Figure of speech Anadiplosis. See App-6.
was = became. See Gen_2:7; Gen_4:3; Gen_9:15; Gen_19:26. Exo_32:1. Deu_27:9. 2Sa_7:24, &c. Also rendered came to pass Gen_4:14; Gen_22:1; Gen_23:1; Gen_27:1. Jos_4:1; Jos_5:1. 1Ki_13:32. Isa_14:24, &c. Also rendered be (in the sense of become) Gen_1:3, &c, and where the verb "to be" is not in italic type. Hence, Exo_3:1, kept = became keeper, quit = become men, &c. See App-7.
without form = waste. Hebrew. tohu va bohu. Figure of speech Paronomasia. App-6. Not created tohu (Isa_45:18), but became tohu (Gen_1:2. 2Pe_3:5, 2Pe_3:6). " An enemy hath done this" (Mat_13:25, Mat_13:28, Mat_13:39. Compare 1Co_14:33.) See App-8.
was. This is in italic type, because no verb "to be" in Hebrew. (App-7). In like manner man became a ruin (Genesis 3; Psa_14:1-3; Psa_51:5; Psa_53:1-3. Ecc_7:20. Rom_7:18).
face. Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6.
the Spirit of God moved (see App-9) = The beginning of "the heavens and earth which are now" (2Pe_3:7). It is even so in the New Creation. The Spirit moves (Joh_3:3-8. Rom_8:5, Rom_8:9, Rom_8:14. Gal_1:4, Gal_1:29. 2Co_5:17, 2Co_5:18).
deep; waters = Job_38:29-30