the LORD of hosts. See note on Isa_1:9 and 1Sa_1:3.
house of Israel. Occurs four times in Isaiah, twice before Isa 40: (Isa_6:7; Isa_14:2), and twice after (Isa_46:3; Isa_63:7). See App-79. Note the introversion: "vineyard", "Israel", "Judah", "pleasant plant".
judgment. oppression. Note the Figure of speech Paronomasia for great and solemn emphasis, to attract our attention and impress our minds. Not a "pun "or a "play" on words. Hebrew. mishpat. mishpach.
righteousness. a cry. Figure of speech Paronomasia. Hebrew. zedakah. ze'akah. See note above. These two lines may be Englished by "He looked for equity, but behold iniquity; for right, but behold might" (as used in oppression and producing a "cry"). and he that rejoiceth, shall descend into it.