vipers = serpents. Not ordinary snakes, but venomous vipers.
who . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis (App-6), for emphasis.
warned, &c. = forewarned; or who hath suggested or given you the hint?
from = away from. Greek. apo.App-104.
the Wrath to come. The reference is to Ma Mat_1:4, Mat_1:1. The coming of Messiah was always connected with judgment; which would have come to pass had the nation repented at the preaching of "them that heard Him" (Heb_2:3. Compare Mat_22:4). The "times of refreshing", and "the restoration of all things" of Act_3:19-26, would have followed. Hence 1Th_1:10; 1Th_2:16; 1Th_5:9. See notes there; and compare Mat_10:23; Mat_16:28; Mat_24:34. Luk_21:22, Luk_21:23. Act_28:25, Act_28:28.