1-41. THE GENESIS BOOK :CONCERNING MAN. The counsels of God || concerning him. All blessing bound up in obedience (Cp. Psa_1:1 with Gen_1:28). Obedience is man''s "tree of life" (Cp. Psa_1:3 with Gen_2:16). Disobedience brought ruin (cp. Ps. 2 with Gen. 3). The ruin repaired only by the SON OF MAN in His atoning work as the seed of the woman (cp. Ps. 8 with Gen_3:15). The book concludes with a Benediction and double Amen.
42-72. THE EXODUS BOOK : CONCERNING ISRAEL AS A NATION. The counsels of God || concerning ISRAEL''S RUIN, ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, and ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION (Exo_15:13). Cp. Psa_68:4 with Exo_15:3, "JAH". It begins with Israel''s cry for deliverance, and ends with Israel''s king reigning over the redeemed nation. The book concludes with a Benediction and a double Amen.
73-89. THE LEVITICUS BOOK : CONCERNING THE SANCTUARY . The counsels of God || concerning the Sanctuary in its relation to man, and the Sanctuary in relation to Jehovah. The Sanctuary, Congregation, Assembly, or Zion, &c, referred to in nearly every Psalm. The book concludes with a Benediction and a double Amen.
90-106.
THE NUMBERS BOOK : CONCERNING ISRAEL AND THE NATIONS OF THE EARTH. The counsels of God || concerning the EARTH, showing that there is no hope or rest for the Earth apart from Jehovah. Its figures and similes are from this world as a wilderness (cp. the references to mountains, hills, floods, grass, trees, pestilence, &c.). It begins with the prayer of Moses (the Man of the Wilderness), Ps. 90, and closes with a rehearsal of ISRAEL''S rebellions in the wilderness (Ps. 106). Note "the New Song" for "all the earth" in Psa_96:11, where the theme is contained in one sentence which gives an Acrostic, spelling the word "Jehovah":"Let the heavens rejoice, and let the earth be glad" (see note on Psa_96:11). The book concludes with a Benediction and Amen, Hallelujah.
107-150.
THE DEUTERONOMY BOOK : CONCERNING GOD AND HIS WORD. The counsels of God concerning His Word, showing that all blessings for MAN (Book I), all blessings for ISRAEL (Book II), all blessings for the EARTH and the NATIONS (Book IV), are bound up with living on the words of God (Deu_8:3). Disobedience to Jehovah''s words was the source of MAN''S sorrows, ISRAEL''S dispersion, the SANCTUARY''S ruin, and EARTH''S miseries. Blessing is to come from that Word written on the heart (cp. Jer_31:33, Jer_31:34. Heb_8:10-12; Heb_8:10. Heb_8:16, Heb_8:17). Ps. 119 is in this book. The Living Word (Joh_1:1) began His ministry by quoting Deu_6:13, Deu_6:16; Deu_8:3; Deu_10:20 in Mat_4:4, Mat_4:7, Mat_4:10. The book begins with Psa_107:20, and in v. 20 we read, "He sent His WORD and healed them", and it concludes with five Psalms (one for each of the five books), each Psalm beginning and ending with "Hallelujah".
* Manuscript and Massoretic authorities, the Talmud ( Kiddushin ) as well as the ancient versions, divide the Psalms into five books. The Midrash on Psa_1:1 Says. "Moses gave to the Israelites the five books of the Law; and corresponding with these David gave them the five books of the Psalms."
The Structure of each Psalm being perfect in itself, we may well expect to find the same perfection in the arrangement of the five books respectively as well as of the one hundred and fifty Psalms as a whole. Many attempts have been made from ancient times to discover the reason for the classification of the Psalms under these five books; but none of them is so satisfactory as to preclude this further attempt.
It is certain that the present order in which we have the Psalms is the same as it was when they were in the hands of our Lord, and were quoted repeatedly by Him, and by the Holy Spirit through the Evangelists and Apostles. Indeed, in Act_13:33, the Holy Spirit by Paul expressly mentions "the second Psalm". This puts us upon sure ground.
There must be a reason therefore why "the second Psalm" is not (for example) the seventy-second; and why the ninetieth (which is the most ancient of all the Psalms, being a prayer of Moses) is not the first.
The similar endings to each book are noted above. There are in all seven "Amens", and twenty-four Hallelujahs. All the latter (except the four in Book IV) are in Book V.
For the relation of the five books of the Pentateuch to each other see Appdx-1.
For the relation of the five books of the Psalms to the Pentateuch, see above, and the Structures prefixed to each book. || For the Divine Names and Titles occurring in the Psalms see Appdx-63. V.
Book I Notes
(See chapter comments on chapters 42, 73, 90, and 107 for Notes on those Psalm Books)
1-41. THE FIRST OR GENESIS BOOK*. MAN.
1-8. "MAN", AND "THE SON OF MAN" (Psa_8:4).
Psa_8:9-15. "THE MAN OF THE EARTH" (ANTICHRIST, 10:18).
16-41. "THE MAN CHRIST JESUS."
1-8. "MAN", AND "THE SON OF MAN."
1 MAN BLESSED. THE LAW OF JEHOVAH HIS DELIGHT (Refers To Paradise).
2 REBELLIOUS MAN. VAINLY MEDITATING AGAINST THE SON OF GOD, Through Whom Alone Universal Dominion can be Restored
1-150. THE FIVE BOOKS .
1-41. THE GENESIS BOOK (v. 3).
4 PRAYER IN VIEW OF THIS REBELLION (Night). "How Long?" ( v. 2).
5 PRAYER IN VIEW OF THIS REBELLION (Morning). "Jehovah My King" ( v. 2).
6 PRAYER IN VIEW OF THIS REBELLION (Night). "How Long?" ( v. 3).
7 MAN BLESSED. TRUST IN JEHOVAH HIS DEFENSE.
8 REBELLIOUS SUBDUED. THE SON OF MAN EXALTED WITH DOMINION IN THE EARTH.
9-15. "THE MAN OF THE EARTH."
9-10 "THE MAN OF THE EARTH." THE ANTICHRIST. His Days, Character, and End. "The Times of Trouble" (Psa_9:9; Psa_10:1). The Great Tribulation. The Two Psalms Linked Together By an Acrostic Alphabet, Broken, Like Those "Times".
11 PRAYER IN VIEW OF (9 and 10) THOSE "TIMES OF TROUBLE".
12 THE VANITY OF MAN.
13 PRAYER IN VIEW OF (9 and 10) THOSE "TIMES OF TROUBLE".
14 THE DEPRAVITY OF MAN.
15 THE PERFECT MAN. His Character and Eternal Abiding. Leading Up To 16 41. "THE MAN CHRIST JESUS."
16-41. "THE MAN CHRIST JESUS."
16 Taking His Place of Suffering. Jehovah Apportioning His Lot.
17 Prayer and Appeal in View of Ps. 16.
18 Answer to The Prayer of Ps. 17, and Promise of Deliverance and Triumph.
19 His People Acknowledging God''s Glory in Creation and Revelation.
20 Their Prayer as They See in Messiah Their Own Salvation.
21 Their Exultation in Messiah''s Exaltation.
22 The Good Shepherd In Death (Joh_10:11). Atonement The Basis of All Blessing.
23 The Great Shepherd In Resurrection (Heb_13:20). Resurrection The Basis Of Present Blessing.
24 The Chief Shepherd In Glory (1Pe_5:4). Advent The Basis Of All Future Blessing.
25 Prayer with Reference to Ps. 16. The "Path" and the "Way" (cp. vv.
1-41. THE GENESIS BOOK :4, 8-10, 12 with Psa_16:11).
26 Prayer with Reference to Ps. 17. Appeal To Integrity (Cp. Psa_17:1, Psa_17:3, Psa_17:4).
Psa_17:27-28 Prayers with Reference To Ps. 18. Answer From Jehovah, as His "Rock" and "Deliverer".
29 His People''s Praise For God''s Glory in Creation. Cp. 19.
30-31, 33 Their Praise as They See The Answer to Ps. 20 (Ps. 33 Being The First "New Song" in the Psalter).
34 Their Exultation in Messiah''s Exaltation. As in Ps. 21.
35-36 Prayer and Praise with Reference to Atonement as Being The Basis Of All Blessing. Cp. 22.
37 Instruction As To Present Blessing, In View Of Ps. 23.
38-39-40-41 Prayer and Praise with Reference To Future Blessing. Cp. Psa_41:12 The Divine Answer To Psa_24:3.
* For notes, see p. 722. Enemies Without. Sorrows Within.
* In the first Book of the Psalms the leading thought corresponds with that of the first Book of the Pentateuch. The counsels of God are shown from the beginning to the end in relation to MAN.
As Genesis begins with the Divine blessing on Man (Psa_1:28), so Psalm 1 opens with "Blessed is the man". All blessedness for man is shown to consist in subjection to, and occupation with, God''s Law. It is the Tree of Life to him; and, meditating on this, he becomes like a well-watered tree in the Paradise of God.
But, in Gen. 3, Man rebelled against that Law:and Ps. 2 describes the consequences of that rebellion; while Ps. 3 takes its title from one who rebelled against God''s King. The ruin can be repaired only by "THEMAN Christ Jesus" (the Seed of the woman, Gen_3:15):and in the Psalms of this first Book (the third section) we see Him in His atoning work, which alone sets man again in the blessedness which he had lost.
The first Book consists of forty-one Psalms. The central Psalm is 21, which sets forth the eternal life and blessedness of God''s King. All that have titles (37) are David''s the man of God''s choice.
Of the Divine Titles, Jehovah occurs 279 times, and Elohim only 48 times, 9 of which are joined with Jehovah. (See Appdx-4.) Note also the references to the events, &c, of Genesis in this first Book. (See Appdx-63. V.)
Pss. 1 and 2 are linked together by having no Titles; and by Ps. 1 opening, and Ps. 2 closing with "Blessed". The first or GENESIS book is divided into three sections, which (on p. 721) are stated thus:
1. The First (Pss. 1-8) concerning "MAN".
2. The Second (Pss. 9-15) concerning "THE MAN OF THE EARTH" (the Antichrist).
3. The Third (Pss. 16-41) concerning "THE MAN CHRIST JESUS''" (the Messiah).
Pss. 9 and 10 are linked together by having an irregular alphabet running acrostically through the two. The alphabet is broken and irregular, like the "times of trouble", "the great tribulation", of which they speak. || Ps. 16 is the first Mictam Psalm. The others are Ps. 56-60. See Appdx-65. xii.
Ps. 32 is the first Maschil Psalm, denoting instruction.
TITLE. Psalms. See Appdx-63, and the Structures, pp. 720, 721. Cp. Luk_20:42; Luk_24:44. Act_1:20.
1-8. MAN, AND THE SON OF MAN.
ps 1: . MAN BLESSED. LAW OF JEHOVAH.
Psa_1:1-3. The godly.
Psa_1:4-5. The ungodly (lawless).
Psa_1:6 -. The godly.
- Psa_1:6. The ungodly (lawless).
Psa_1:1. Godly. Not standing with ungodly. Now. The
Psa_1:2. Their character. Their godly.
Psa_1:3. Comparison. way
Psa_1:4 -. Their character. Their
- Psa_1:4. Comparison. way. The
Psa_1:5. Ungodly. Not standing ungodly. with godly. Then.
ps 2: . REBELLIOUS MAN.
Psa_2:1-3. Mankind. Speaking.
Psa_2:4-5. Jehovah. Fig. Chleuasmos. Appdx-6.
Psa_2:6-9. The Son. His rule.
Psa_2:10. Mankind. Spoken to.
Psa_2:11. Jehovah. Fig. Apostrophe. Appdx-6.
Psa_2:12. The Son. His judgment.
ps 3: . PRAYER IN VIEW OF PSALM 2 (MORNING).
Psa_3:1. Numbers of enemies against me
Psa_3:2. No deliverance (they say).
Psa_3:3. Thou my help. (Experience. 2nd person.
Psa_3:4. Prayer answered.
Psa_3:5. Confidence justified.
Psa_3:6. Numbers of enemies against me.
Psa_3:7 -. Save me (I say).
- Psa_3:7-8. Thou my help. (Experience. 2nd person.
Psa_49:20. Man like the beasts (two lines. NOTE. In the first and third members the Introversion is alternated, the couplets in one being answered by quatrains in the other. If written by Hezekiah after his recovery the date would be about 602 B. c.
50 60. ISRAEL''S REDEEMER.
ps 50: . HE BREAKS SILENCE.
Psa_50:1-6. The Psalmist.
Psa_50:7-13. Reproof. Neg. Owns them His
Psa_50:14-15 -. Duty. Praise and people prayer. addressed.
- Psa_50:15. Promise. I will deliver.
Psa_50:16 -. The Psalmist.
- Psa_50:16-22. Reproof. Pos. Disowns The them. wicked
Psa_50:23 -. Duty. Praise. addressed.
- Psa_50:23. Promise. I will show.
ps 51: . THE RESPONSE OF HIS PEOPLE.
Psa_51:1-2. Prayer.
3-5. Transgression. Confession.
Psa_51:6. What God desires.
Psa_51:7-8. Prayer and resulting praise.
Psa_51:9-12. Prayer.
Psa_51:13. Transgressors. Instruction.
Psa_51:14-15. What God desires.
Psa_51:16-19. Prayer and resulting praise.
ps 52: . INSTRUCTION AS TO THE DEFEAT OF ENEMIES.
Psa_52:1-5. The enemies apostrophized (Doeg.)
Psa_52:6. The righteous ones. (Pl = Israel.)
Psa_52:7. The enemies apostrophized. (Doeg.)
Psa_52:8-9. The righteous one. (Sing. = David.)
ps 53: . INSTRUCTION AS TO DEFEAT OF ENEMIES.
Psa_53:1 -. The fool. God no-where.
- Psa_53:1. Man. Depravity.
Psa_53:2. God. Inspection.
Psa_53:3. Man. Depravity.
Psa_53:4. God. Expostulation.
Psa_53:5-6. The righteous. God now-here.
ps 54: . INSTRUCTION AS TO THE DEFEAT OF ENEMIES.
Psa_54:1-2. Prayer.
Psa_54:3. Reason. Enemies assemble.
Psa_54:4. Jehovah my helper.
Psa_54:5. Jehovah my helper.
Psa_54:6. Praise.
Psa_54:7. Reason. Enemies scattered.
ps 55: . INSTRUCTION AS TO DEFEAT OF ENEMIES.
Psa_55:1-2. Prayer. Despondency.
Psa_55:3-5. Reason. "For".
Psa_55:6-9 -. Prayer. Encouragement.
- Psa_55:9-11. Reason. "For".
Psa_55:12-14. Treachery of Ahithophel.
Psa_55:15 -. Prayer. Imprecatory.
- Psa_55:15. Reason. "For".
Psa_55:20-21. Treachery of Ahithophel.
Psa_55:22 -. Prayer. Encouragement.
- Psa_55:22. Reason. Assurance.
Psa_55:23 -. Prayer. Imprecatory.
- Psa_55:23. Reason. Assurance.
ps 56: . ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, AND HIS WORK
Psa_56:1-2. Complaint.
Psa_56:3. Trust.
Psa_56:4. Praise.
Psa_56:5-8. Complaint.
Psa_56:9. Trust.
Psa_56:10-13. Praise.
ps 57: . ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, AND HIS WORK.
Psa_57:1. Repetition. Prayer.
Psa_57:2-3 -. Resolve. "I will cry".
- Psa_57:3. Grace and truth. Sent.
Psa_57:4. Enemies.
Psa_57:5. "Be Thou exalted".
Psa_57:6. Enemies.
Psa_57:7 -. Repetition. Praise.
- Psa_57:7-9. Resolve. "I will sing".
Psa_57:10. "Grace and truth". Great.
Psa_57:11. "Be Thou exalted".
ps 58: . ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, AND HIS WORK.
Psa_58:1-2. Man''s judgment. Unrighteous.
Psa_58:3-5. The wicked. Their character.
Psa_58:6-9. Imprecation.
Psa_58:10. The righteous. Their rejoicing.
Psa_58:11. God''s judgment. Righteous.
ps 59: . ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, AND HIS WORK
Psa_59:1-5. Prayer. Enemies in the land. Selah.
Psa_59:6. Comparison to a dog.
Psa_59:7. Doggish characteristic. Barking.
Psa_59:8-9 -. Psalmist''s trust in God.
- Psa_59:9-10. Reason. "God my defence".
Psa_59:11-13. Prayer. Enemies with them in land. Selah.
Psa_59:14. Comparison to a dog.
Psa_59:15. Doggish characteristic. Greediness.
Psa_59:16 -. Psalmist''s trust in God.
- Psa_59:16-17. Reason. "God my defence".
ps 60: . ISRAEL''S REDEEMER, AND HIS WORK.
Psa_60:1-5. Prayer. (God, the object.)
Psa_60:6-7. Israel. (God the subject.)
Psa_60:8-9. Heathen. (God the subject.)
Psa_60:10-11. Prayer. (God, the object.)
Psa_60:12 -. Israel. (God the subject.)
- Psa_60:12. Heathen. (God the subject.)
61-72. ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION.
ps 61: . WAITED FOR BY ISRAEL.
Psa_61:1-2. Prayer.
Psa_61:3-4. Confidence.
Psa_61:5. reason.
Psa_61:6-7. Confidence.
Psa_61:8. Praise.
ps 62: . ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION WAITED FOR.
Psa_62:1-2. Trust in God.
Psa_62:3-4. Enmity of foes.
Psa_62:5-7. Trust in God.
Psa_62:8-10. Enmity of foes.
Psa_62:11-12. Trust in God.
ps 63: . ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION WAITED FOR.
Psa_63:1-2. Assurance.
Psa_63:3. Reason for praise.
Psa_63:4-6. Assurance.
Psa_63:7. Reason for praise.
8-10. Assurance. (Enemies.)
Psa_63:11 -. Reason for praise.
- Psa_63:11. Assurance. (Enemies.)
ps 64: . ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION WAITED FOR.
Psa_64:1-8. Enemies.
Psa_64:9. Mankind in general.
Psa_64:10. The righteous in particular.
Psa_64:1-8. ENEMIES.
Psa_64:1. The enemies. (Sing.)
Psa_64:2. Enemies. (Pl.)
Psa_64:3-4. Their attempt to wound.
Psa_64:5-6 -. Enemies. (Pl.)
- Psa_64:6. The enemy. (Sing.)
Psa_64:7-8. Their wounding.
ps 65: . ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION. ZION. WAITS.
Psa_65:1. Israel. Zion.
Psa_65:2. Mankind.
Psa_65:3-5 -. Israel. Zion.
- Psa_65:5-13. Mankind.
Psa_65:3-5-. ISRAEL. ZION.
Psa_65:3 -. Singular. "Me".
- Psa_65:3. Plural. "Our".
Psa_65:4. Singular. "He".
Psa_65:5 -. Plural. "We".
-Psa_65:5-13. MANKIND.
- Psa_65:5. God the confidence of all God afar off. spoken of.
Psa_65:6-7. The power of God.
Psa_65:8 -. God the fear of all afar off. God
- Psa_65:8-13. The goodness of God.
-Psa_65:8-13. THE GOODNESS OF GOD.
- Psa_65:8. Times. Morning and evening.
Psa_65:9-10. Places. Earth and water.
Psa_65:11. Time. The year.
Psa_65:12-13. Places. Hills and valleys.
ps 66: . PRAISE PROMISED. TROUBLE REMEMBERED.
Psa_66:1-2. Exhortation to praise.
Psa_66:3. Address. God''s works in the world. Selah.
Psa_66:4. Address. Promise for the world. Selah.
Psa_66:5-7. Invitation. "Come and see," &c. Selah.
Psa_66:8-9. Exhortation to praise.
Psa_66:10-12. Address. God''s dealings with His People.
Psa_66:13-15. Address. Promise for Psalmist. Selah.
Psa_66:16-20. Invitation. "Come and hear," &c.
Psa_66:13-15.ADDRESS PROMISE OF PSALMIST.
Psa_66:13 -. Offerings.
- Psa_66:13. Vows.
Psa_66:14. Vows.
Psa_66:15. Offerings.
Psa_66:16-20. INVITATION:
"COME AND HEAR."
Psa_66:16. God.
Psa_66:17. I.
Psa_66:18. I.
Psa_66:19-20. God.
ps 67: . PRAISE PROMISED. TROUBLE REMEMBERED.
Psa_67:1. Prayer. "God be gracious".
Psa_67:2. Object. Way known on earth.
Psa_67:3. Injunction. "Let peoples praise".
Psa_67:4 -. Effect. Peoples glad.
- Psa_67:4 -. Address. Nations gently lead.
Psa_67:5. Injunction. "Let peoples praise".
Psa_67:6 -. Effect. Earth fruitful.
- Psa_67:6. Prayer. "God be merciful".
Psa_67:7. Object. God feared on earth.
Psa_67:6-7. PRAYER. EFFECT AND OBJECT.
x The earth shall yield. y God will bless us. z Our own God (Jehovah).
y God will bless us.
x All the inhabitants of the earth shall fear.
ps 68: . ISRAEL''S REDEMPTION. THE ANSWER TO PSALMS 61-67.
Psa_68:1-3. Introduction to psalm.
Psa_68:4-35. The psalm itself.
Psa_68:1-3. THE INTRODUCTION.
Psa_68:1-2. The wicked scattered.
Psa_68:3. The righteous made glad.
Psa_68:4-35. THE PSALM ITSELF.
Psa_68:4. Exhortation to praise (four lines).
Psa_68:5-6 -. Mercies to His People.
- Psa_68:6. Enemies judged.
Psa_68:7-10. Going in the wilderness (nine lines).
Psa_68:11-14. Jehovah''s word. History (four verses).
Psa_68:15-16. Zion. Jehovah''s chosen dwelling-place.
Psa_68:17-18. Zion. Jehovah''s chosen dwelling-place.
Psa_68:19-20. Mercies to His People.
Psa_68:21-23. Enemies judged.
Psa_68:24-27. Goings in the sanctuary (nine lines).