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TOPIC: Post-Nicene Fathers Vol 02 (Other Topics in this Collection)
SUBJECT: 22.02.04 Introduction Part 4
Other Subjects in this Topic:
B. Texts.
I. Manuscripts.-It would indeed be a desirable work to have a uniform apparatus of the codices, not only of sozomen, but of all the Greek Church historians. Admirable as is Heinchen's survey of Eusebian mss., it is neither uniform nor complete. No editor of Sozomen form Stephen down, has deemed it necessary to work up the detail even as well as Heinchen. Nolte evidently had the material in hand, but the labor remains to be done. The numbers and positions of many codices have been changed since the days of Valesius, Montfaucon, and Haenelius, and it is impossible to bring harmony out ofhte differences without direct inspection. It would seem as if no one had consulted some of those mentioned by Montfaucon; e.g. in the Inventarium mss. monasterii S. Petri Carnutensis, the title is given without number; Socratis, Sozomenis et Theodoreti historia Ecclesiastica, vol. in fol. notat P. saeculo ix. (ii. 1246); and the two described by Haenelius (a) Socratis, Sozomenis historia ecclesiastica memb. fol. exemp. vetes., at Chartres (Fasc. i. col. 130). (b) iv. 2, Hermiae Sozomeni Salaminis, historicae ecclesiasticae lib. ix. (Fasc. iii. c. 93) in the Escorial.
II. Editions of Text.-1. The first printed text without translation was by Robert Stephen: Eusebii Pamphili, Ecclesiasticae historiae, libri x.; eusdem de vita Constantini, libri v.; Socratis, libri vii.; Theodoreti episc. Cyrenensis, libri v.,; Collectaneorum ex historia ecclesiastica Theordori lectoris, libri ii.; Hermiae Sozomeni, libri ix.; Evagrii, libri vi.; Graece Excud. Rob. Steph. Lutetiae Parisor. (pridie Cal. Jul.) 1544. Fol.
The sole manuscript at the basis of this edition is the Codex Regius bibliothecae Parisiensis, n. 1437 (Nolte, 1444) Possevin (App. crit.) says: A Graeca vero edito proviget ann. 1545, but this seems a mistake.
2. The next edition of the text was accompanied with a Latin translation; Graeca et Latine ex interpretatione J. Christophorsoni et recognitione Suffredi Petri una cum variis lectionibus, J. Christophorsoni, Jos. Scaligeri, Jac. Cuiaci, jan. Gruteri, Jac. Bongarsii, Col. All. (Genevea) 1612. 2 vols. in fol. This was the text of Stephen with marginal notes of the above [see Hussey, Nolte]. The sources of the notes are nto sure.
3. Reprint of Geneva edition: Bibliotheca magna veterum patrum et antiq. Scriptorum eccles. primo a Margarino de la Bigne collecta. Tom. v. has Soc. and Soz. with the Latin of Christophorson and Suff. Petrus. Colon. 1618-22.
4. The edotion of Valesius, 1659-1688, with a new translation by himself. Socratis Scholastici et Hermiae Sozomeni historia ecclesiastica. Henricus Valesius graecum textum collatis mss. Codicibus emendavit, Latine vertit, et annotationibus illustravit. Adjecta est ad calcem disputatio Archelai Episcopi adversus Manichaeum. Parisiis, 1668. Fol. In this edition there are the preface to the reader, explaining his sources; an essay on the life and writings of the historians; and the text is followed by annotations. This edition is conspicuous for the number of codices, more or less accurately collated. The Codex Fuketanus is hi chief reliance; the previous annotations were used; he claims to have made no alteration without warrant.
5. Biblioteca Maxima Veterum Patrum M. de la Bigne, Lugd. 1677. In vol. vii. of this series; this reproduces the Genevan edition.
6. A reprint of Valesius. Eusebii Pamph. Ep. Caesar. et Theodoreti, Evagrii, Socratis et Sozomeni Historia Ecclesiastica Gr. Lat. cum notis Valesii. 3 Tomi. Paris, 1678. Fol.
7. A reprint of Valesius. Socratis et Sozomeni historia ecclesiastica. Gr. et Lat. Paris 1686. Fol.
8. A reprint of Valesius. historiae Ecclesiasticae Eus. Pamph., Soc., Soz., Theodore ti, et Evag. cum excerptis ex historia Philost. et Theod. Lec. Graec. et Lat. c. Annot. H. Valesii. 3 Tomi. Moguntiae, 1677-79. fol.
9. Another reprint of Valesius, but from the Mayence edition: Historiae Ecclesiasticae Eus., Soc., etc. Graec.-Lat. 3 Tomi. Amst. 1695. Fol.
10. Historiae ecclesiasticae Scriptores Graeci cum excerptis ex historia Philostorgi et Theodori Lect. Gr. et Lat. c. interpret. H. Valesii. Amst. 1699. Fo. (Georgi.)
11. A separate edition of Scorates and Sozomen, with the usual Valesian apparatus, and the debate of Bishop Archelaus against the Manichaeans: Socritis Scholastici et Hermiae Sozomeni historia ecclesiastica graece et latine. Henricus Valesius Greacum textum collatis mss. codicibus emendavit, Latine vertit, et Annotatinoibus illustravit. Adjecta est ad calcem disputatio Archelai Episcopi adversus Manichaeum. Ad novissimam editionem Parisiensem castigatissme recusa prostat Amstelodami apud Henricum Wetstenium. 1700.
12. Valesian text as basis and apparatus, with new emendations. General title:
Eusebii Pamphili, Socratis Scholastici, Hermae Sozomeni, Theodoreti et Evagrii, Item Philostorgii et Theodori Lectoris quae extant historiae ecclesiasticae graece et latine, in tres tomos distributae. Henricus Valesius graecum textum ex mss. codicibus emendavit, latine vertit et annotationibus illustravit.
Gulielmus Reading novas Elucidationes praesertim Chronologicas, in hac Editione adjecit. Cantabrigiae, 1720.
Special title: Socratis Scholastici et hermiae Sozomeni historia ecclesiastica graece et latine. Henricus Valesius graecum textum collatis mss. codicibus emendavit, latine vertit et Adnotationibus illustravit. Adjecta est ad calcem disputatio Archelai Episcopi adversus Manichaeum. Hanc Editionem Criticis plurim Eruditorum Observationibus locupletavit Gulielmus Reading. Cantabrigiae, 1720.
He restores readings of Stephen for some changes amde by Valesius; uses Valesius; own manuscript annotations, suggestions of Lowth, Casaubon's variae lectiones from the codex Jonesianus, and the codex Jonesianus itself. But there is no general collation.
13. Reprint of the Reading edition. 3 vols. Augustae Taurinorum (Turin).
14. Valesian text as basis; partially new apparatus and emendations.
Sozomeni ecclesiastica historia edidit Robertus Hussey, S.T.B. Oxonii; e typographeo academico, 1860. Three volumes, two of text, an the third of annotations. The Latin version is by Valesius.
Hussey died before completing his work; the apparatus was prepared by John Barrow. Besides other not far-reaching collations, Hussey used a codex in the Bodleian, called the codex Barrocianus (B.), and a parial collation of codex Severniensis, which is of inferior value.
15. Reproduction of Reading-Valesius:
Patrologiae Cursus Completus.
Socratis Scholastici, Hermiae Sozomeni Historia Ecclesiastica. Henricus Valesius greacum textum collatis mss. codicibus emendavit, latine vertit notis illustravit; cujus editionem criticis observationibus locupletavit Gul Reading. Accurante ed denuo recognoscente. J.P. Migne. Paris. 1864.
16. The English catalogue announced in August, 1874: Sozomeni Historia Ecclesiastica, edited by Robert Hussey, vol. i., 8°, Macmillan; but it did not appear.
C. Textual Criticism.
We have here (1) the apparatus mentioned in the greater editions; (2) the marginal notes and papers of various readings by Bishop Christophorson, Scaliger, Casaubon, Curicius, Gurterius, etc. (3) The solitary work of Dr. Nolte, who, in 1860, wrote a recension of Hussey's edition of Sozomen. Theolog. Q. Schrift. 1861. iii. 417-451; as he had done for Socrates, and did later for Evagrius. He dwells especially on the valuable readings which could be derived from the translation of Epiphanius Scholasticus and from Nicephorus Callistus.
This shows the urgency of collation de novo, and a new edition of the text.
D. Analytical Criticsm.
Besides the meagre apparatus of the editions, the following works assist in the study, although some are not directly related.
Holzhausen, F. A. Commentation de fontibus quibus Socrates, Sozomenus ac Theodoretus in scribenda historia sacra usi sunt, adiuncta eorum epicrisi, scripta a Friderico Augusto Holzhausen Gottigae, 1825.
Rosenstein, J., in Forschung z. deutsch. Gesch. 1862, i. 166.
Matin: de fontibus Zosimi. Dissert. Berlin, 1865.
Sudhans: de Ratione quae intercedat inter Zosim et Amm cet. relationes Dissert. Bonn, 1870.
Holden-Egger, Untersuchungen über einige annalist. Quellen z. Gesch. des v. u. vi. Jahrh. Newu. Archiv. d. Gesch. f. alt. deutsch. Gesch. 1876, i. 1.
Güldenpenning, A. Die Quellen zur Geschichte des kaisers Theod. d. Gr. Dissert.. Halle, 1878.
Güldenpenning, A., and Ifland, J.: Der Kaiser Theodiosius der Grosse. Halle, 1878. Cf. Harnack in T.L.Z. 1879, 18.
Jeep, Ludwig. Quaestiones Freidericianae, Dissert. 1881.
Sarrazin, J.V. de Theodoro Lectore Theophanis fonte praecipuo. Dissertatio inauguralis. Lips. 1881.
Jeep. L.: Quellenuntersuchungen zu den Griechischen Kirchenhistorikern. Bes. Abdruck aus dem vierzehnten Supplementbande der Jahrbücher für classische Philologie Leipzig, 1884.Güldenpenning, A.: Die Kirchengeschichte des Theodoret von Kyrrhos, eine Untersuchung ihrer Quellen. Halle, 1889.
The above show the sources and their interrelation.
E. Translations.
1. Latin-1. Epiphanius Scholasticus. At the suggestion of Cassiodorus he translated Theodoret, Socrates, and Sozomen. This version, Cassiodorus polished and selected from, for his Historia Ecclesiastica Tripartita. (See Preface to that work.) This wa sfrequently printed. The first edition, Paris, s.a.; Basle 1523, and after.
2. Eusebii. Pamph. Historia Ecclesiastica c. Sozomeno et Socrate. Basle, 1544. Fol.
3. The same: cum Eus., Soz., Theod. Lect., Evvang., et Dorothei Tyri vitis Prophetarum et Apostolorum ex ejusdem Musculi interpretatione et Theodoreti H. E. ex versione Joach. Camerarii. Basle, 1549. Fol.
4. The same in Basle, 1557. Fol.
5. Ecclesiasticae Scriptores Graeci c. Interpratione lat. Jo. Christophorsoni, recogniti a Suffrido Petro. Col. Agr. 1562. Fol.
Siz books fo Zox. ere by J.C.; the remaining three by S.P.
6. A reprint of (5). Louv. 1569. 8vo.
7. The same with all the translator. Jo. Jacobi Grynaei recognitione atque cum ejus notis. Basle, 1570. Fol.
8. The reprint of (5), according to Possevin: apud haeredis Arnoldi Birckmanni. Basle, 1570. Fol.
9. The reprint of (5), at Paris, 1571. Fol.
10. A reprint of (7). Basle, 1572. Fol.
11. The reprint of (5), Veteres Scriptores Historiae Ecclesiasticae Graeci. Co. Agr. 1581. Fol.
12. A reprint of (7). Basle, 1587. Fol.
13. Reprint of (3). Basle, 1594. Fol.
14. A new version from new collations and improvements by Grynaeus:
Eusebii Pamphili, Ruffini, Socratis, Theodoriti, Sozomeni, theodori, Evagrii, et Dorothei Ecclesiastica Historia, sex prope seculorum res gesta complectens: Latine iam olim a doctissimis viris partim scripta, partim e Graeco a clarissmis viris, Vuolfgango Musculo, Joachimo Camerario, et Johanne Christophersono Britanno, eleganter conversa: et nunc ex fide Graecorum codicum sit ut novum opus videri possit, per Joah. Jacobum Grynaeum locis obscuris innumeris illustrata, dubijs explicata, mutilis restituta: Chronographia insuper Abrahami Bucholceri, ad Annum Epochae Christianae 1598, et lectionis sacrae historiae luculenta methodo exornata. Cum continuatione in praesentem annum 1611. Et Indicibus rerum verborumq': lucupletiis. Basileae, 1611. Fol.
The sources for new readings are not given.
15. Ecclesiasticae historiae Eusebii. Latine tantum Basle, 1612. Fol. (Georgi.)
16. A reprint of (11). Coll. All. 1612. Fol.
17. Ecclesiasticae historiae Eusebii. Soc., Soz., Theodoret, Evag., Latine tantum ex Valesii versione. Paris, 1677. Fol.
II. German.-1. Eusebii Pamphili, Sozomeni, Socratis und Theodorets kirchen Historie durch Hestionem (Caspar Hedio). Strassb. 1545. Fol.
This was on the basis of th eH. E. Tripartita.
2. A reprint of (1). Basle, 1607. Fol.
III. French.-1. General title: Histoire de l'Église 1675.
Special title for Vol. iii.: Histoire de l'église, écrite par Sozomène. Traduite par Monsieur Cousin, President en la cour des Monnoyes. Tome iii. á Paris, 1676. 4°.
2. Reprint of (1). Amst. 1686. 6 vols. in 12°.
3. There was a French version of the Tripartite by Ludovicus Cyaneus. Paris, 1568. Fol.
4. Possevin (App. Crit. s. Soc.) ascribes a translation of Socrates (including Soz.?) into French in his day to Jacobus Billius Prunaeus.
IV. English.-1. An Abridgement of the Ecclesiastical history of Eusebus, Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret, translated into English by Samuel Parker. 2 vols. London, 1707. 8°.
2. A reprint of (1). London, 1709. Fol. (?)
3. A third edition: The Ecclesiastical Histories of Eusebius, Scorates, Sozomen, and Theodirit Faithfully Translate and Abridg'd from the Originals. Together with A brief Account of the Lives of these Historians, and several Useful Notes adn Illustrations, and a copius Index. By Mr. Parker.
The Third edition, carefully Review'd by the Author, and very much Corrected, Improv'd and Enlarg'd. To which is now added, by a Friend, and Abridgment of the History of Evagrius Scholasticus. The Whole chiefly design'd for Use of young Students in Divinity, and Families Religiously disposed. London, 1729. 4°.
4. A History of the Church in nine books from a.d. 324 to a.d. 440: a new translation from the Greek, with ta memoir of the author. London, 1846. 8°.
This is in the Bagster series of the Greek Ecclesiastical Historians of the first six centuries. 1843-46.
5. A reprint of (4), Bohn's Ecclesiastical Library.
History of the church by Sozomen and Philostorgius. The Ecclesiastical history of Sozomen, comprising a History of the Church, from a.d. 324 to a.d. 440. Translated fromthe Greek, with a memoir of the author.
Also, the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, as epitomized by photius, Patriarch of Constantinople. Translated by Edward Walford, Late Scholar of Balliol College, Oxford. London, 1855. 8°.
6. A reprint of (4). London, 1868. 8°.
F. Historiography.
The usual Introductions to Church Histories: on the History of Church History; particularly Schröckh, i. 148-9, vii, 188-90.
Staüdlin C.f. (Hemsen). Geschichte und Literatur der Kirchengeschichte. Hannover, 1827.
Baur, J. Ch.: Die Epochen der kirchlichen Geschichtschreibung. Tüb. 1832.
Dowling, J.g.: An introduction to the critical study of Ecclesiastical History. London, 1838.
Ten Haar, B.: de Historiographie der Kerkgeschiedens. Utrecht, 1870.
Nirschl, Jos.: Propädeutik d. Kirchengeschichte. Mainz, 1888.
Ceillier and Harnack as before.
This is a field that needs scholars.
G. Literature
Photius: Myrobiblion: codex 30, a few lines of biography and authorship.
Sigebert of Gembloux: de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis (ed Fabricius), c. II.
Trithemius: de Ecclesiasticis scriptoribus (ed. Fabricius), cxxxvi.
Hoffmann, Jo. Jac.: Lexicon Universale historiam sacram et profanam, etc. Tom. iv. s.v.
Moreri: le Grand Dictionnaire Historique. Tom. vi. s.v.
Zedler: Universal Lexicon. Tom. xxxvii. s.v.
Wetzer U. Welte: Lexicon. Art. Kirchengeschichte. vi.2
Smith: Dict. G. R. Biog. and Myth. (Art. by J.C. Means). Vol. iii.
Michaud: Biographie Universelle. Tom. xxxix. s.v.
Didot Fréres: Nouvelle Biographie Géneral. Tom. xliv. s.v.
Glaire, J.b.: dict. univ. des Sciences Ecclesiastiques, s.v.
Lichtenberger: Encyclopédie des Sciences Religieuses. Tom.xi. s.v.
Smith: Art. Vol. iv. Dict. Christ. Biog. Art. by William Milligan.
2. Historical.
(a) Theodorus Lector was the first to have used Sozomen for a Tripartite history, and doubtless alluded to him (cf. Nic. Call. H.E. i. 1).
Evagrius Scholasticus: H.E. i. Preface.
Epiphanius Scholasticus and Cassiodorus in the preface to H.E. Tripartita.
Gregory the Great mentions him by mistake for Theodoret in Book vii. of his letters; Ep. 34.
Nicephorus Callistus: H.E. i. 1.
Baronius: An Eccl. Vols. iii.-v., ed. 1707.
Bellarmin Labbe: dissertationes philologicae de Scriptoribus ecclesiasticis. Vol. ii. 371, 372.
Pagi: Critica hist. Chronol. in An Eccles. Baronii Saec. iv. 76-292.
Tillemont: Histoire des Emper. Rom. vi. 123-7; 613-4.
Du Cange: Historia Byzantina. Paris, 1680.
Gibbon: Decline and Fall. Vols. ii. iii. Boston, 1862.
Hertzberg, W.: D. Gesch. Griechenlands unter d. Herrschaft d. Römer. 3 Bde. Halle, 1866-75.
Sievers, G.r.: Studien z. Gesch. d. röm Kaiser. Berlin, 1870.
Finlay: History of Greece. Vol. i. Oxford, 1877.
(b) Holder, Alf.: Inventio sanctae crucis: Actorum Cyriacus, pars i. lat. et gr. &c. Leipzig, 1889.
Nestle, Eberh.: De Sancta Cruce, ein Beitrag z. christl. Legendengeschichte. Berin, 1889.
Dräske, J.: zu Apollinarius v. Laodicea. I. zu den dogmat. Bruchst. des a. II. zur Psalmen-Metaphrase des a. Zwth. xxxi. 469-487. Die Abfassungszeit der Psalm.-Metaphr. des Apoll. ZwTh.xxxii. 108-120.
--Vitalios von Antiochia u. sein Glaubensbekenntniss. Zwl, 186-201, 188.
Ihm, M.: Studia Ambrosiana. Jahrbücher f. class. Philologie 1889. Suppl. Bd. xvii. 1, pp. 1-124. rec. Jülicher, Theol. L. Z. 1889, 26.
Dräske, J.: Apollinarios' von Laodicea Dialoge "Uber d. heil. Dreieinigkeit." Tsk 1890, 1, pp. 137-171.
--Des Apollinarios v. Laodicea Schrift. wider Eunomius. Zkg, xi. 1, 1889.
--Phöbadius von Agennum und seine Schrift gegen die Arianer. Zwl, 335-343; 391-407. 1889.
Batiffol, R.: Fragmente d. Kirchengesch. d. Philostorgius, Röm. Quartalschr. f. christl. Alterthumskunde u. f. Kirchengesch. 1889, 2 and 3.
Batiffol, P.: Studia patristica. Études d'ancienne littérature chrétienne. Fasc. 1 (v.d., Wilpert; röm. Quartalschrift 1890, 1; v. Funk; Tqs, 1890, 2).
(c) Gelzer, H.: Sextus Julianus Africanus u. d. byzantin. Chronographie. Leipzig, 1880-1885 (ii.); rec. Hilgenfeld, ZwTh, 30, 3, 1887.
(d) De Broglie (le duc Albert): L'Église et l'Empire romain au IVe siècle. 3 parties. Paris, 1867-9.
Proudhon, P.j.: Césarisme et Christianisme de l'an 45 avan J.-C. à l'an 476 après. 2 vols. Paris, 1883.
Tozer, H.f.: The Church and the Eastern Empire. London, 1888.
Langen, Jos.: Gesch. d. Rom. Kirche bis zum Pontificate Leo's I. Bd. i.; von Leo I. bis Nicolaus I. Bd ii. Bonn, 1881-5.
Wolff, P.: Die pro/edroi auf d. Synode zu Nicäa. Zwl. 1889, 3, pp. 137-151.
Bright, Wm.: History of the Church, a.d. 313-451. 2d edition. London, 1869.
Newman, J.h.: Arians of the Fourth Century. 3d edition. London, 1871.
--Tracts Theological and Ecclesiastical. Nos. ii and iii. London, 1874.
Gwatkin, H.M.: Studies of Arianism chiefly referring to the character and chronology of the reaction which followed the council of Nicaea. 1882.
--The Arian controversy. (Epochs of Church History, Vol. 15) New York, 1890.
Sonnino, G.: Di uno scisma in Roma à tempi di Valentiano I. Livorno, 1888.
Dräske, J.: Der Sieg d. Christenthums in Gaza. Zwl, 20-40. 1888.
Birt, Thdr.: De fide christiana quantum Stilichonis aetate in aula imperatoria occidentaili valuerit. Marburg, 1885.
Bright, Wm.: Notes on the canons of the first four general councils. London, 1882.
Martin, P.: Le Pseudo=Synode connu dans l'histoire sous le nom de Brigandage d' Ephèse, étudié d'après ses actes, retrouvés en syriaque. Paris, 1875.
Schultze, V.: Gesch. d. Untergangs d. Griech-Röm. Heidenthums. Bd. 1. Jena, 1887; rec. Wissowa: Nuoe Centologia Ser. iii., Vol. xvii. Fasc. 18, 1888. Dtsche. Litztg. 1888, 44. Gwatkin, H.H.: The Engl. hist. Rev. 1889, Jan.
Martin, J.p.p.: Les origines d l'glise d'Edesse et des églises syriennes. Paris, 1889.
Görres, J.: D. Christenthum im Sassanidenreich. ZwTh, xxxi. 449-468.
Boissier, G.: Étutudes d'histoire religieuse. Le Christianisme et l'invasion des Barbares ... le lendemain de l'invasion. Revue des deux mondes, 1890. 1er mai, pp. 145-172.
(e) Manso: Das Leben Constantin d. Grossen. Breslau, 1817.
Burckhardt: D. Zeit Constantin's d. Grossen. 2 Aufl. Leipzig, 1880.
Keim: D. Übertritt Constantin's d. Grossen z. Christenthum. Zürich, 1862.
Zahn: Constantin d. grossse u.d. Kirche. Hannover, 1876.
Brieger: Konstantin d. Grosse Als Religionspolitiker. Gotha, 1880.
Görres, F.: Weitere Beitrage z. Gesch. d. constantinischen Zeialters. ZwTh, xxxiii., 2, pp. 206-215 1890.
Crivellucci, a.: Della fide storica di Eusebio nella vita di Constantino, 1889; rec. Schultze: Theol. Litblt. 1889, 9-10.
Mariano, R.: Constantino Magno el la chiesa cristiana (Nuova Antologia, xxv., fasc. 10; 16 magio, 1890, pp. 271-299).
Mücke, J.f.a.: Flavius Claudius Julianus. 2 abthl. Gotha, 1867-9.
Rendall, G.h.: The Emperor Julian; Paganism and Christianity. London, 1879.
Neumann, K.j.: Prologomena zu Juliani imperatoris liborum contra Christianos quae supersunt.Liips. 1880.
--,--: Juliani Imperatoris Liborum contra Christinos quae supersunt. Leipzig, 1880.
--,--: Kaiser Julians Bücher gegen d. Christen. Leipzig. 1880.
King. C.w.: Julian, the emeror; containing Greg. Nazianzen's two invectives, and Libanius' Monody with Julian's extant theosoph. works. London, 1888.
Zoeckler, O.: Julianus u.s. christl. gegner. B.G. 41-48, 101-113. 1888.
Schwarz: De vita et de scriptis Juliani Imperatoris. Bonn, 1888; rec. Neumann: Tlz, 1889, 5.
Largajolli, D. e Pietro Parisio: Nuovi studi intorno a Guiliano imperatori. Torino, 1889. (Estr. della Riv. di filol. e d'istruz. class. xviii. 7-9.)
Stuffken, J.M.: Diss. de Theodosii Magni in rem christianam meritis. Lugd., Bat., 1828.
Güldepenning, a.: Gesch. d. oström. Reiches unter den Kaisern Arcadius u. Theod. II. Halle, 1885.
(f) Pallmann: D. Gesch. d. Völkerwanderung v. d. Gothenbekehrung bis z. Tode Alarichs n.d. Quellen dargestellt. 1. Tl. gotha, 1863. 2. Tl. Weimar, 1864.
Wietersheim, Ed. v.: Gesch. d. Völkerwanderung. 2 Aufl. bes. v. F. Dahn. Leipzig, 1880.
Küpke, Rud.: Deutsch Forschungen, Die Anfänge des Königtums bei den Gothen. Berlin, 1859.
Aschbach: Gesch. d. Westgothen. Frankfut, 1827.
Mannert: Gesch. d. Vandalen. Leipzig, 1785.
Papencordt, Fel.: Gesch. der vandal., Herrschaft in Africa. Berlin, 1837.
Procop.: Vandalenkrieg übers, v. Coste. Leipzig, 1885.
Schmidt, L.: Aelteste Gesch d. Vandalen. Beitrag. z. Völkerwanderung. Leipzig, 1888.
Klemm: Attila u. Waltter v. Aquitanien nach d. Geschichte, Sage u Legende dargestellt. Leipzig, 1827.
Haage: Gesch. Attila's Prgr. Celle, 1862.
Thierry: Histoire d' Attila ed de ses successeurs. Paris, 5 ed. 2 vols. 1874.
Dahn. F.: D. Könige d. Germanen. Wüzburg, 1861-70.
Arnold, W.: Deutsche Geschichte. Gotha, 1881-3.
(g) Hertzberg, W.: Gesch. Griechenlands seit d. Absterben d. antiken Lebens (in Heeren u. Ukert 40, iii). Gotha, 1879.
Walter, Ferd.: Gesch. d. röm. Rechts bis auf Justinian. 2 Tle. 3 Aufl. Bonn, 1860.
Krüger, Gust.: Monophysitische Streitigkeiten im Zusammenhange mit der Reichspolitik. Jena, 1884.
Brother Azarias: Aristotle and the Christian Church. London, 1888.
Bossier, G.: Études d'hist. rel. V. L'affaire de l'autel de la Victoire. Rd. m. July 61-90 1888.
Schick, C.: D. Stephanskirche der Kaiserin Eudokia be Jerusalem, 1888. Z. d. Dtsch. Palaestina-Ver. xi. 3-4.
Seeck, O.: Quaestiones de notitia dignitatum. Inaug. Diss. Berlin, 1873.
--,--: Notitia dignatium, accedunt notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum. Berlin, 1876.
Hudemann. E.e.: Gesch. d. röm. Postwesens während d. Kaiserzeit. (Calvary's philo. u. archaeol. Bibl. Bd. 32.) Berlin 1875.
Ledra, a.: Des Publicains et des sociétés vectigalium. Paris, 1876.
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Sozomen uniformly describes the ancient heathen cult, of whatever form it might be, as hellenism, and its followers, Hellenists. It seemed advisable to retain the renderin "paganism," whigh the first translator used twoard the middle and the end of his work, although he had not been uniform in the beginning; any other translation would cause a constant conusion between nationality and religion.
In order to give a better impression of the author and text, the spelling of the proper anmes indicated by the text has been adhered to; the orthography "Novatus" is not a real exception. Where the spelling of a proper name in the caption differs from that of the text, the differences of origin between the two must be borne in mind. To the Pseudo-Nicephorus are due the headings; these variations have been preserved purposely.
The notes have been for the greater part limited to the sources, previous or contemporary. It has not been deemed necessary to load the text with references to the literature, ancient or modern, sufficiently indicated in the Bibliography. It is just for the editor to say, that while the literature is not unfamiliar to him, he does not believe in the modern German method of annotation and allusion to every book under the sun, to the grave impediment of individual study. Similarly, the dictionaries show the biography and archaeology in a better form than can be compressed into a note. Nor did the editor think it best to introduce into the tranlsation any technical discussion as to the errors of Sozomen.