pant after ... dust of ... earth on ... head of ... poor - that is, eagerly thirst for this object, by their oppression to prostrate the poor so as to cast the dust on their heads in mourning on the earth (compare 2Sa 1:2; Job 2:12; Eze 27:30).
turn aside ... way of ... meek - pervert their cause (Amo 5:12; Job 24:4 [Grotius]; Isa 10:2).
a man and his father - a crime “not so much as named among the Gentiles” (1Co 5:1). When God’s people sin in the face of light, they often fall lower than even those who know not God.
go in unto the same maid - from Amo 2:8 it seems likely “the damsel” meant is one of the prostitutes attached to the idol Astarte’s temple: prostitution being part of her filthy worship.
to profane my ... name - Israel in such abominations, as it were, designedly seeks to insult God.