The nations - Egypt, in the case of Jehoahaz, who probably provoked Pharaoh by trying to avenge the death of his father by assailing the bordering cities of Egypt (2Ki 23:29, 2Ki 23:30).
in their pit - image from the pitfalls used for catching wild beasts (Jer 22:11, Jer 22:12).
chains - or hooks, which were fastened in the noses of wild beasts (see on Eze 19:9).