virgin ... daughter - honorable terms. “Virgin” implies that the city is, as yet, inviolate. “Daughter” is an abstract collective feminine personification of the population, the child of the place denoted (see on Isa 23:10; see on Isa 1:8). Zion and her inhabitants.
shaken ... head - in scorn (Psa 22:7; Psa 109:25; Mat 27:39). With us to shake the head is a sign of denial or displeasure; but gestures have different meanings in different countries (Isa 58:9; Eze 25:6; Zep 2:15).