shall be defiled - with dead bodies (Jer 19:12; 2Ki 23:10).
because of all the houses - Rather, (explanatory of the previous “the houses ... and ... houses”), “even all the houses,” etc. [Calvin].
roofs - being flat, they were used as high places for sacrifices to the sun and planets (Jer 32:29; 2Ki 23:11, 2Ki 23:12; Zep 1:5). The Nabateans, south and east of the Dead Sea, a nation most friendly to the Jews, according to Strabo, had the same usage.