And if - rather, “But if”; that is, “If notwithstanding this consecration of Abraham’s race to God.
some of the branches - The mass of the unbelieving and rejected Israelites are here called “some,” not, as before, to meet Jewish prejudice (see on Rom 3:3, and on “not all” in Rom 10:16), but with the opposite view of checking Gentile pride.
and thou, being a wild olive, wert - “wast”
grafted in among them - Though it is more usual to graft the superior cutting upon the inferior stem, the opposite method, which is intended here, is not without example.
and with them partakest - “wast made partaker,” along with the branches left, the believing remnant.
of the root and fatness of the olive tree - the rich grace secured by covenant to the true seed of Abraham.