If ingratitude appertains to the sinful manifestations of ignoble selfishness, how much more sinful still is black ingratitude, which recompenses evil for good! (מֵשִׁיב, as 1Sa 25:21, syn. גָּמַל, to requite, Pro 3:30; Pro 31:12; שִׁלֵּם, to reimburse, Pro 20:22). Instead of תמישׁ, the Kerı̂ reads תָמוּשׁ; but that this verb, with a middle vowel, may be 'י'ע as well as 'ו'ע, Psa 55:2 shows.