Rev., wild, which is better, as implying quality rather than act. Waves, by nature untamed. The act or expression of the nature is given by the next word.
Foaming out (ἐπαφÏιÌζοντα)
Only here in New Testament. Compare Isa 57:20.
Shame (αἰσχυÌνας)
Lit., shames or disgraces.
Wandering stars
Compare 2Pe 2:17. Possibly referring to comets, which shine a while and then pass into darkness. “They belong not to the system: they stray at random and without law, and must at last be severed from the lights which rule while they are ruled†(Lumby).
Blackness (ζοÌφος)
See on 2Pe 2:4.
Of darkness (τοῦ σκοÌτους)
Lit., “the darkness,†the article pointing back to the darkness already mentioned, Jud 1:6.