In all spiritual wisdom and understanding (en pasēi sophiāi kai sunesei pneumatikēi). Both pasei (all) and pneumatikēi (spiritual) are to be taken with both sophiāi and sunesei. In Eph 1:8 Paul uses phronēsei (from phrēn, intellect) rather than sunesei (grasp, from suniēmi, to send together). Sunesis is the faculty of deciding in particular cases while sophia gives the general principles (Abbott). Paul faces Gnosticism with full front and wishes the freest use of all one’s intellectual powers in interpreting Christianity. The preacher ought to be the greatest man in the world for he has to deal with the greatest problems of life and death.