Without understanding (asunetous). Same word in Rom 1:21.
Covenant-breakers (asunthetous). Another paronomasia or pun. A privative and verbal sunthetos from suntithēmi, to put together. Old word, common in lxx (Jer 3:7), men “false to their engagements” (Sanday and Headlam), who treat covenants as “a scrap of paper.”
Without natural affection (astorgous). Late word, a privative and storgē, love of kindred. In N.T. only here and 2Ti 3:3.
Unmerciful (aneleēmonas). From a privative and eleēmōn, merciful. Late word, only here in N.T. Some MSS. add aspondous, implacable, from 2Ti 3:3. It is a terrible picture of the effects of sin on the lives of men and women. The late Dr. R. H. Graves of Canton, China, said that a Chinaman who got hold of this chapter declared that Paul could not have written it, but only a modern missionary who had been to China. It is drawn to the life because Paul knew Pagan Graeco-Roman civilization.