Did Israel not know? (mē Israel ouk egnō̇). “Did Israel fail to know?” See above.
First (prōtos). Moses first before any one else. lxx quotation Deuteronomy 32:21. See note on 1Co 10:22 for parazēlōsō (I will provoke you to jealousy).
With that which is no nation (ep' ouk ethnei). The Jews had worshipped “no-gods” and now God shows favours to a “no-nation” (people).
Will I anger you (parorgiō humas). Future active (Attic future) of parorgizō, rare word, to rouse to wrath.