thirty thousand chariots: The Philistines had no doubt collected troops in this emergency, from all the surrounding nation; but the number of chariots is immensely large beyond any example, and wholly disproportioned to the number of their cavalry. It is probable, therefore, that for sheloshim aileph, "thirty thousand," we should read shelosh aileph, "three thousand," with the Syriac and Arabic.
as the sand: Gen 22:17; Jos 11:4; Jdg 7:12; 2Ch 1:9; Isa 48:19; Jer 15:8; Rom 9:27
Bethaven: 1Sa 14:23; Jos 7:2, Jos 18:12; Hos 4:15, Hos 5:8, Hos 10:5