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Eph_4:31-32. Πικρία ] Bitterness, i.e. fretting spitefulness, Act_8:23; Jam_3:14. See Wetstein, ad Rom. iii. 14; Loesner, Obss. p. 344 f.; Wyttenbach, ad Plut. Mor. VI. p. 1033.
As to the distinction between θυμός (ebullition of anger) and ὀργή , see on Rom_2:8; Gal_5:20. The context shows, we may add, that here loveless and hostile anger is meant: hence there is no inconsistency with Eph_4:26.
κραυγή ] clamour, in which hostile passion breaks out, Act_23:9.[251]
ΒΛΑΣΦΗΜΊΑ ] not: “verba, quae Dei honorem … laedunt,” Grotius; but, in accordance with the context, evil-speaking against the brethren, comp. Col_3:8; 1Ti_6:4; Mat_12:31; Mat_15:19.
κακία ] is here not badness in general, vitiositas (Cic. Tusc. iv. 15. 34), but, in harmony with the connection, the special spitle, malice, Rom_1:29; Col_3:8. This is the leaven of the πικρία κ . τ . λ .
γίνεσθε ] not be, but become, in keeping with the ἀρθήτω ἀφʼ ὑμῶν .
χρηστοί ] kind, Col_3:12. See Tittmann, Synon. pp. 140, 195. The conjecture that the word contains an allusion to the name Christians (Olshausen), is an arbitrary fancy.
εὔσπλαγχνοι ] compassionate. Comp. Manass. 6; 1Pe_3:8, and the passages from the Test. XII. Patr. in Kypke.
χαριζόμενοι ] forgiving, 2Co_2:7; 2Co_2:10; 2Co_12:13. The explanation donantes (Vulgate), largientes (Erasmus), is not in keeping with the context.
ἑαυτοῖς ] equivalent to ἈΛΛΉΛΟΙς . See on Col_3:12.
ΚΑΘῺς ΚΑῚ Ὁ ΘΕῸς Κ . Τ . Λ .] Motive to the ΧΑΡΙΖ . ἙΑΥΤ ., from their own experience of the archetypal conduct of God. Mat_6:14; Mat_18:21 ff.
ἘΝ ΧΡΙΣΤῷ ] in Christ, in whose self-surrender to the death of atonement the act of the divine forgiveness was accomplished, Eph_1:6 f.; 2Co_5:19.
[251] Chrysostom calls the κραυγή the steed of anger.