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Joh_19:19-20. Ἔγραψε ] Not a supplemental statement: he had written (De Wette, Tholuck), but: he wrote (caused to be written), whilst the crucifixion took place without; and when it had taken place, he caused the τίτλος (solemn Roman expression for a public inscription, particularly for the tablets, naming the criminal and his offence, see Lipsius, de cruce, p. 101, and Wetstein) to be placed on the cross. He himself was not present at the crucifixion, Mar_15:43-44.
ὁ βασιλ . τῶν Ἰουδ .] Consistent bitterness in the designation of Jesus. Joh_19:20. τῶν Ἰουδαίων ] of the hierarchic party.
ἐγγὺς ἦν κ . τ . λ .] See on Mat_27:33.
καὶ ἦν γεγραμμ ., κ . τ . λ .] No longer dependent on ὅτι , since τῶν Ἰουδαίων , Joh_19:20, unlike Joh_19:19, is not to be taken in a general sense. It rather attaches to the first circumstance, on account of which the ἀρχιερεῖς made their proposal, Joh_19:21, to Pilate ( τοῦτον … Ἰουδαίων , Joh_19:20), a second assigning a reason therefor, namely: it (that which ran on the τίτλος ) was written in three languages, so that it could be read by everybody, including foreigners. For an inscription, even in four languages, on the tomb of Gordian, see in Jul. Capitolin. 24.