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Luk_23:33-34. Κρανίον ] A Greek translation of Γολγοθᾶ , a skull, so named from its form. See on Mat_27:33, and Ewald, Gesch. Chr. p. 485, who discovers in the name Golgotha the hill named Gareb in Jer_31:39.
Luk_23:34. In ἄφες αὐτοῖς Jesus refers to His enemies, who indeed were the sinning subjects, not to the Roman soldiers (Michaelis, Paulus, Kuinoel, Ewald, Wittichen, following older commentators, and as early as in Euthymius Zigabenus), who discharged the office of executioners only involuntarily and morally uninterested therein; so that in their case there could be no allusion either to imputation or to forgiveness. The mockery of the soldiers (Paulus, Kuinoel, Bleek also) is in respect of the crucifixion purely an invention. But in respect of the crucifixion ( τί ποιοῦσι ) is the prayer uttered in which from the innermost heart of Jesus breathes the deepest love which regards the crime in the mildest light, not indeed removing, but extenuating[264] the guilt, as a result of the want of knowledge of the nature of the deed (for they were slaying the Messiah of the people, whom they, however, had not recognised as such), and consequently the deed was capable of forgiveness. Even this prayer is a relic of the Crucified One, which Luke alone has preserved for us from a written or oral source. In Act_3:17; Act_7:60, its echo is heard. Comp. 1Co_2:8, and the same prayer of the dying James in Eusebius, Luk_2:23.
διαμεριζόμ .] at the division.
ΚΛΉΡΟΥς (see the critical remarks): lots. Comp. on Mar_15:24.
[264] Comp. J. Müller, v. d. Sünde, I. p. 285; Schleiermacher, L. J. p. 453 f. Against the opinion of Buttmann in the Stud. u. Krit. 1860, p. 353, see Graf in the same, 1861, p. 749 ff.