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Mat_10:14. Καὶ ὃς ἐὰν , κ . τ . λ .] The nominative is a case of anacoluthon, and placed at the beginning, so as to be emphatic, as in Mat_7:24 : Whosoever will not have received you … as you quit that house or that town, shake, and so on.
ἐξέρχεσθαι , with a simple genitive (Act_16:39); Kühner, II. 1, p. 346. The ἔξω , which Lachmann, Tischendorf 8. insert (B D à ), is a gloss upon what is a rare construction in the New Testament. Notice the present participle, thereby meaning “upon the threshold,” and relatively “at the gate.”
ἤ ] or, should a whole town refuse to receive you and listen to you. The shaking off the dust is a sign of the merited contempt with which such people are reduced to the level of Gentiles, whose very dust is defiling. Iightfoot, p. 331 f.; Mischna Surenhusii, VI. p. 151; Wetstein on this passage; Act_13:51; Act_18:6. This forcible, meaning of the symbolical injunction is not to be weakened (Grotius, Bleek: “Nil nobis vobiscum ultra commercii est;” de Wette: “Have nothing further to do with them;” Ewald: “Calmly, as though nothing had happened”); on the contrary, it is strengthened by Mat_10:15. Comp. Mat_7:6.