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Mat_10:17. Δέ ] denoting continuation of this same matter: “But in order to comply with this injunction (usually the wisdom alone is arbitrarily supposed to be referred to), be on your guard, and so on.” The passage that now follows on to Mat_10:23 originally formed part (comp. Mar_13:9 ff.) of the eschatological utterances, but the connection in which it now stands was probably that in which it was already met with in the collection of our Lord’s sayings. Comp. Mat_24:9-13; Luk_21:12 ff. Then again, taken in detail, the different portions of this address, as given by Matthew, possess the advantage of originality. Comp. Weizsäcker, p. 160 ff.
ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ] The article is not meant to indicate men who are hostile (Mat_10:16, Erasmus, Fritzsche), who must have been indicated in some other way than by the simple article (by τῶν τοιούτων , or such like), or by the general expression ἀνθρώπων ; but it is to be understood generically: men in general, taken as a whole, are conceived of as hostile, in accordance with the idea of that κόσμος to which the disciples do not belong (Joh_15:19), and by which they are hated (Joh_17:14).
συνέδρια ] taken generally, tribunals in general.
ἐν ταῖς συναγ .] That scourging also belonged to the synagogal forms of punishment, as a matter of synagogue discipline, is placed beyond a doubt by the New Testament. See, besides the Synoptists, Act_22:19; Act_26:11; 2Co_11:24. The evidence from Rabbinical literature is doubtful.