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Rev_16:3. The second vial changes the great sea into blood, as that of a dead man, so that every thing living therein dies.
καὶ ἐγένετο αίμα ὡς νεκροῦ . According to the analogy of Rev_8:8; Rev_8:11, ἡ θάλασσα is to be regarded as the subject to ἐγένετο .[3676] The advance of the present plague, in comparison with Rev_8:8, lies not only in that now the entire sea is changed into blood, and that every thing living therein dies, but also in that the sea becomes “as the blood of a dead man,” i.e., not a great pool of blood, as of many slain,[3677] but the horribleness of the fact is augmented in that the sea seems like the clotted and already putrefying blood of a dead man.[3678]
ψυχὴ ζωῆς . The var. correctly give the meaning: ψ . ζῶσα .[3679] The expression originates from Gen_1:30 : Ὃ ἜΧΕΙ ἘΝ ἘΑΥΤῷ ΨΥΧῊΝ ΖΩῆς . Cf. on the gen. limitation ΖΩῆς , Winer, p. 177 sq.
The ΤᾺ before ἘΝ Τ . ΘΑΛ .[3680] refers, as to meaning, to the individual ΚΤΊΣΜΑΤΑ comprised in the collective ΠᾶΣΑ ΨΥΧ .[3681]
[3676] Beng., etc. Against De Wette: es estand Blut.
[3677] νεκροῦ = νεκρῶν . C. a Lap., Eichh., De Wette, Hengstenb., etc.
[3678] Beng., Züll., etc.
[3679] Cf. Rev_8:9 : κτίσματα τὰ ἕχοντα ψυχάς .
[3680] See Critical Notes.
[3681] Cf. Rev_5:13.