Of king Maacah, i. e. of that part of Syria which was under king Maacah; for Syria was a large country, and there were divers kings in the several parts of it. This part was near Gilead. See Deu_3:14.
Of Ish-tob; or, of the men of Tob, the country where Jephthah dwelt, Jud_11:3. Besides these, they hired others out of Aram-naharaim, or Mesopotamia, as appears from 1Ch_19:6Psa_60:1. And all these were forward enough to combine against David, both to revenge their former losses and reproaches, and to give check to his growing greatness.