The Lord did so, immediately by his own word, and not by Moses’s rod, lest the Egyptians should think it was a magician’s wand, and. that all Moses’s works were done by the power of the devil.
A grievous swarm of flies; Heb. a heavy mixture of flies. Heavy, i.e. either great, as this Hebrew word is used, Gen_41:31Isa_32:2, or mischievous and troublesome; or rather, numerous, as it is taken, Gen_1:9Num_11:141Ki_3:9, compared with 2Ch_1:10.
The land, i.e. either the fruits or products of the land; or rather, the inhabitants of the land, as the word land is taken, Gen_41:361Sa_27:9 many of the people were poisoned or stung to death by them, as appears from Psa_78:45. See also /APC Wis_16:9.