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DICTIONARIES
1. Of the Bible.—Francis Roberts, Clavis Bibliorum (1675); Kitto, Cyclopœdia of Biblical Literature3 (3 vols. 1862); Fairhairn, Imperial Bible Dictionary (1864–66; new ed. 1888); Smith, Dict. of Bible (3 vols., 1860–63), 2nd ed. of vol. i. only (1899), also Concise Bible Dict. and Smaller Bible Dict.; R. Hunter, Concise Bible Dict. (Cassell, 1894); M. G. Easton, Bible Dict. (Nelson, 1894); J. Eadie, Biblical Cyclopœdia (new ed. by Sayce, 1901); C. R. Barnes, People’s Bible Encyc. (New York and Lond. 1900); J. D. Davis, Dict. of the Bible (Philad. 1898); Schaff, Religious Encyclopœdia, or Dictionary of Biblical History, etc., based on Herzog’s PRE [Note: RE Real-Encykl. für protest. Theol. und Kirche] (3 vols., T. & T. Clark, 1883); M’Clintock-Strong, Cyclopœdia of Biblical, Theological, and Eccles. Literature (10 vols. and 2 vols. suppl., New York, 1871–1887); Herzog, Realencyklopädie f. protest. Theol. und Kirche (18 vols., 1877–88; new ed. by Hauck, 1896 ff.); Zeller, Bibl. Handwörterbuch illustriert (1893); Riehm, Handwörterbuch des bibl. Altertums2 (2 vols., 1893); Vigorous, Dict. de la Bible (1895 ff.); Hamburger, Realencyklopädie f. Bibel und Talmud (2 vols. and 3 supplements, 1875, 1892); Guthe, Kurzes Bibelwörterbuch (1903); Jewish Encyclopedia (12 vols., 1901–06); Cheyne & Black, Encyclopœdia Biblica (4 vols., 1899–1903); Hastings, Dictionary of the Bible (4 vols. with extra vol. and indexes, T. & T. Clark, 1898–1904), also Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels (2 vols., 1906–08).
2. Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac.—(a) Gesenius, Thesaurus Philologicus Criticus Linguœ Heb. et Chald. Vet. Test. (1829–42), also Lexicon Manuale, tr. [Note: translate or translation.] by E. Robinson (1836) and subsequently, with additions and corrections from the author’s Thesaurus and other works, by S. P. Tregelles (Bagster), Gesenius’ Handwörterbuch, in Verbindung mit A. Socin und H. Zimmern, bearbeitet von F. Buhl, 13th ed. 1899; B. Davidson, Analytical Heb. Lexicon (do.); Fuerst, Heb. and Chald. Lex. to the OT, tr. [Note: translate or translation.] by S. Davidson (Williams & Norgate); Siegfried-Stade, Heb. Wörterbuch zum AT [Note: Altes Testament.] (Leipzig, 1893); Brown-Driver-Briggs, Heb. Lex. to OT (Oxford, 1906). (b) Levy, Neuheb. und Chald. Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim (4 vols., 1875–89); G. Dalman, Aram. [Note: Aramaic.] -Neuheb. Wörterbuch zu, Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (1901). (c) Roediger, Chrestomathia Syriaca (1868); R. Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus (continued by Margoliouth, 1879–1901); also A Compendious Syriac Dict., by J. Payne Smith [Mrs. Margoliouth] (Oxf. 1903); C. Brockelmann, Lex. Syriacum (T. & T. Clark, 1895).
3. Greek (esp. NT).—Liddell-Scott, Greek-English Lexicon; Robinson, Greek and English Lexicon of the NT; Cremer, Biblico-Theological Lex. of NT Greek2 (T. & T. Clark), 3rd Germ. ed. 1881–1883; Analytical Gr. Lex. to NT (Bagster); Grimm-Thayer, Greek-English Lex. of the NT, being Grimm-Wilke’s Clavis NT revised and enlarged by Thayer (T. & T. Clark, 1888). Deissmann has a Lex. in hand.
Of the Dictionaries named above, the foli. are most accurate and up to date—(a) Bible: Cheyne and Black, Encyc. Biblica; Hastings, Dict. of the Bible, Dict. of Christ and the Gospels, and the present work. (b) Hebrew, etc.: Brown-Driver-Briggs, Heb. Lex.; Dalman, Aram. [Note: Aramaic.] -Neuheb. Wörterbuch; Margoliouth, Compend. Syr. Dict., or Brockelmann, Lex. Syr. (c) Greek: Cremer, Biblico-Theological Lex. of NT.; Thayer, Greek-Eng. Lex. of NT.
W. F. Adeney and J. S. Banks.