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SHAMMAH.—1. Son of Reuel, son of Esau, a tribal chief (Gen_36:13). 2. Third son of Jesse, present when Samuel sought a successor to Saul (1Sa_16:9); with Saul in the battlefield when David visited the camp (1Sa_17:13). He is the same as Shimeah, father of Jonadab (2Sa_13:3), the Shimea of 1Ch_2:16, and the Shimei, father of Jonathan who slew the giant (2Sa_21:21). In 1Ch_20:7 Jonathan is called son of Shimea. 3. Son of Agee, a Hararite, one of the three mighty men of David. Alone he held the field against the Philistines (2Sa_23:11). The parallel passage, 1Ch_11:10 f., wrongly attributes the feat to Eleazar. He is probably identical with ‘Shammah, the Harodite’ (Hararite) of 2Sa_23:25. 2Sa_23:38 should read ‘Jonathan son of Shammah, the Hararite.’ In 1Ch_11:34, ‘son of Shage’ is probably confused with ‘son of Agee.’ Read, with Lucian, ‘son of Jonathan.’ Shimei, son of Ela (1Ki_4:18), should also appear here if we accept Lucian’s reading of ‘Ela’ for ‘Agee’ (2Sa_23:11). 4. An officer in David’s employ, called Shammoth in 1Ch_11:27, and Shamhuth in 1Ch_27:8. Probably the same as No. 3.
J. H. Stevenson.