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the rendering in the Auth. Vers. of the Hebrews çָøָùׁ , charash' (2Sa_5:11; 1Ch_14:1; Isa_44:13, etc.), as also of its Greek equivalent ôÝ÷ôùí .(Mat_13:55; Mar_6:3; 1Es_5:14; Sir_38:27, etc.), a general name, applicable to an artificer in stone, iron, or copper, as well as in wood. SEE ARTIFICER. The Hebrews, at a very early period, appear to have made considerable progress in these arts (Exo_35:30-35). SEE ART. Of their works, however, we have no existing remains; but by a reference to the antiquities of Egypt, the country where their proficiency was acquired, we may obtain a satisfactory notion of their general character. SEE HANDICRAFT. Tools of various kinds used in carpentry, as axes, hammers, saws, planes, chisels, and center-bits, are represented on the ancient monuments, and to most of them we find allusions in Scripture (1Sa_13:19-20; Jdg_4:21; Isa_10:15; Isa_44:13). There appears but little difference between these implements and those of our time. SEE TURNER. The ancient Egyptians were acquainted with the art of veneering: this proves that they knew. the use of glue. They had chairs and couches of very graceful form (comp. Gen_43:33; 1Sa_4:18). Among the works of the Egyptian artists are found tables, bureaus, wardrobes, and coffers; several of the latter, probably designed for jewel-cases, rival in beauty the caskets of gold and silver. SEE MECHANIC.