(14.) E. F. C. Rosenmüller. — The “Scholia” of this laborious writer extend over the greater part of the Old Testament (11 pts. in 23 vols. 8vo, Lpz. 1795 sq.; “in Compendium redacta,” by Lechner, 5 vols. 8vo). — The last editions especially are unquestionably of high value. They bring together a mass of annotation such as is sufficient to satisfy the desires of most Biblical students. Yet the learned author undertook too much to perform it in a masterly style. Hence his materials are not properly sifted, the chaff from the wheat. He has not drunk deeply into the spirit of the inspired authors. He seems, indeed, not to have had a soul attuned to the spirituality of their utterances, or impregnated with the celestial fire that touched their hallowed lips,. His father, J. G. Rosenmüller, the author of the “Scholia” on the New Testament (5 vols 8vo, Nurnbg. 1785, and since), is a good word-explainer for students beginning to read the original. He has not produced a masterly specimen of commentary on any one book or epistle.
(15.) H. Olshausen (“Biblisches Commentar” on the N.T. continued by Ebrard and others, 7 vols. 8vo. Konigsb. 1837-56; tr. in Clarke's Library, Edinb. 1847 sq.; ed. by Kendrick, N. Y. 1856 sq., 6 vols. 8vo. have hitherto appeared). — One of the best examples of commentary on the New Testament with which we are acquainted has been given by this; writer. The arrangement, however, being semi-historical, has some inconveniences, especially as the text is not given. The exposition is almost wholly free from the influence of German neology. Verbal criticism is but sparingly introduced, although even here the hand of a master is apparent. He is intent, however, on higher things. He investigates the thought, traces the connection, puts himself in the same position as the writers, and views with philosophic ability the holy revelations of Christ in their comprehensive tendencies. The critical and the popular are admirably mingled. The continuation of the work by other hands is scarcely equal in value.
(16.) A. Tholuck. — The commentaries of this eminent writer on various books of the New Testament, especially those on the Epistles to the Romans and Hebrews, exhibit the highest exegetical excellences. While he critically investigates phrases and idioms, he ascends into the pure region of the ideas, unfolding the sense with much skill and discernment. His commentary on John is of a more popular cast. His interpretation of the Bergpredigt, or Sermon on the Mount, is very valuable. That on the Psalms is less thorough. (For the editions, see each of these books in their place.)
(17.) E. W. Hengstenberg. — This writer is too fanciful in his exegesis, too arbitrary in his philology, and too extreme in his theology to be fully trustworthy as a commentator; yet his expositions of the Psalms, Ecclesiastes, Revelation, etc., may be consulted with advantage, if used with comparison of other authors.
(18.) E. Henderson. — This commentator's translation and notes on the Minor Prophets, as well as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, are admirable specimens of sound learning, good judgment, and evangelical piety. Their only fault in the exposition is an excessive leaning to literalism.
(19.) A. Barnes. — This series of Notes on the New Test. (N. Y. 12 vols. 12mo; Lond. 1850-52), and portions of the Old (Job, Isaiah, Daniel), have had a popularity which shows their adaptation to an extensive want. They are simple, lucid, and practical, and written with the author's happy flow of style, and are marked by genuine spirituality; but they are not characterized by critical or extensive learning.
(20.) J. A. Alexander. — The notes of this eminent scholar on Isaiah are a thorough and well-digested production. His commentaries on the Psalms and historical books of the N.T., however, are too popular to add anything to his reputation.
(21.) C. T. Kuinol. — The commentaries of this writer, especially on the Gospels and Acts (in Latin, best ed. London, 1835, 3 vols. 8vo), although strongly tinctured with rationalism, are among the best, critically and philologically considered, extant. Learning, acuteness, and candor are everywhere apparent.
(22.) G. Bush. — This author's Annotations on several of the first books of the O.T., although intended for popular use, are generally characterized by good sense, genuine learning, and pious sentiment; and are the more valuable as being nearly the only good commentary on these portions of Scripture available to the common reader.
(23.) M. Stuart. — His commentaries on Romans, Hebrews, Daniel, Revelation, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, albeit rather diffuse and grammatical, are yet of great value for their eminent candor, careful investigation, and general apprehension of the genius and scope of the writers. To the young student especially they are indispensable.
(24.) S. T. Bloomfield. — This author's critical Digest (8 vols. 8vo, Lond. 1826-8), as well as his Commentary (Lond. 1830 sq. 2 vols. 8vo; Phila. 1836) and its Supplement (London, 1840, 1 vol. 8vo), all on the N.T., give very much sound and judicious exposition, and have the advantage of placing before the reader the views of earlier interpreters. Without any great attempt at originality, there is generally a careful sifting of opinions and balancing of arguments that make his comments, on the whole, the best synopsis of simple exegesis yet produced.
(25.) H. Alford (“Gr. Test.” with critical apparatus and notes, Lond. 1853- 61, 5 vols. 8vo; vol. 1, N. Y. 1859). — This scholarly edition of the Greek Test. contains a critically-revised text, a copious exhibit of various readings, valuable prolegomena, and a series of analytical, philological, and expository notes. There is not much strictly new in any of these departments, but a convenient assemblage of materials not usually accessible. The whole is wrought out with great care and learning, and presented in the most condensed form. A very serious drawback upon its value, however, is the latitudinarianism evident in the author's theological, or, perhaps, rather hermeneutical principles, which leads him in very many difficult passages rather to array the sacred authors against one another than to reconcile their apparent discrepancies. Under arrogance of superior “honesty,” he too often declines the prime task of an expositor by pronouncing difficulties insoluble. The critical apparatus is pervaded by the same subjective proclivity, insomuch that the writer has himself once or twice completely remodeled it.
(26.) F. J. V. D. Maurer (“Commentarius in V. T.” Lps. 1835-47, 4 vols. 8vo). — This is a series of brief Annotations on the Old Test., considerably full on the poetic portions, and characterized by great acumen, with much accuracy of scholarship, but little or no combination of the spiritual insight into Holy Writ. It is chiefly valuable to students for expounding the literal meaning.
(27.) J. C. Wolf (“Curoe in N.T.” 5 vols. 4to, Basil. 1741). — This author, although somewhat old, deserves especial notice for his valuable mass of sound annotations.
Besides the above, the following English commentaries on portions of Scripture are entitled to particular mention, including several German works presented in an English dress by the publishers Clark, of Edinburgh (valuable additions to our literature these last, but sadly in need, as a general thing, of judicious editing), and some reprinted in this country: Trench on the Miracles and Parables; Stier on the words of Christ; Kitto's Pictorial Bible and Daily Bible Illustrations; Conybeare and Howson's Life and Epistles of St. Paul; Watson on Matthew and some other parts of the N.T.; Bengel on the N.T.; Baumgarten on the Acts; Eadie on several of the Pauline epistles; Horsley on Hosea; Elliott on Revelation; Lowth on Isaiah; Wemyss and Fry on Job; Ellicott on the pastoral epistles; Good on the Psalms and Canticles; Steiger on 1st Peter; Umbreit on Job; Billroth on Corinthians; Tittmann on John; Lightfoot's Horoe Hebraicoe; Keil on Joshua and Kings; Auberlein on Daniel; Kalisch on Genesis and Exodus; Stanley on Corinthians; Jowett on several of Paul's epistles; Ginsburg on Song of Solomon and Ecclesiastes; Phillips and De Burgh on the Psalms; Maclean on Hebrews; Preston on Ecclesiastes, and many others which space does not permit us here to enumerate. There are commentaries on the entire Bible by Girdlestone, Wellbeloved, Wesley, Coke, Benson, Cobbin, Sutcliffe, and others; on the New Test. by Baxter, Burkitt, Gillies, Trollope, and others; on the Gospels by Quesnel, Campbell, Norton, Ryle, and others; on the Epistles by Macknight, Pyle, and others. There are also serviceable Annotations on various parts of Scripture by several of the early Church fathers, especially Origen, Jerome, and Chrysostom, SEE CATENA, by the mediaeval theologians and reformers, especially Luther, and an almost innumerable series of later commentators more or less extensive, sufficiently complete lists of which are given under the appropriate heads in this Cyclopaedia. There also exist an immense number of academical dissertations of an exegetical character, chiefly by Germans, for certain collections of a few of which, well known on the Continent, see Walch, Bibl. Theolog. 4:920 sq. See also the several books and divisions of Scripture in their proper place in this work. For Hebrew commentaries on the whole Jewish Scriptures, SEE RABBINIC BIBLES.
2. The modern Germans, prolific as they are in theological works, have seldom ventured to undertake an exposition of the whole Bible. Each writer usually confines himself to the task of commenting on a few books. In this their wisdom is manifested. Yet they do not usually excel in good specimens of commentary, at least in the more sacred elements. They are word-explainers. In pointing out various readings, in grammatical, historical, and geographical annotations, as also in subtle speculations respecting the genius of the times in which the writers of the Bible lived, they are at home. In the lower criticism we willingly sit at their feet and learn. But with regard to the higher, in all that pertains to the logic of commentary, in development of the sense in its holy relations, the great majority of them are lamentably wanting. Refined notions usurp the place of practical piety in their minds; and the minutiae of verbal criticism furnish them nutriment apart from the rich repast of theological sentiment and sanctifying truth. But there are some noble exceptions, several of which are designated above.
One of the most complete and recent series of German commentaries (although somewhat meager in detail) is that published by Hirzel (Leipzig, 1841-57), consisting of a Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch, on the Old Test., by Hitzig, Hirzel, Thenius, Knobel, Bertheau, and J. Olshausen (in 16 vols. 8vo); on the New Test. by De Wette, with additions by Bruckner, Messner, and Licke (in 11 vols. 8vo); on the Apocrypha by Fritzsche and Grimm (in 5 vols. 8vo). A most copious and (in the German sense) valuable series is also the Kritisch exegetischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament, by Dr. H. A. W. Meyer and others (Gott. in 16 pts. lately completed, with new eds. of the earlier portions). Another is the Exeg. Handb. zu den Briefen des Apostels Paulus, by A. Bisping (Miinster, 1858); and still more deserving of notice, Die Heilige Schrift, m. Einleit. u. erkl. Anmerkungen, by Otto von Gerlach (2d ed. Berl. 1858); to which may be added Die potischen Bucher des alten Bundes erklart, by H. Ewald (Gott. 1836-54, 4 vols. 8vo), together with his Drei Erste Evangelien (ibid. 1851, 8vo), Sendschreiben des Paulus (ib. 1857, 8vo), Das B. Ijob (ib. 1854, 8vo); Die Propheten des alten Bundes erklart (Stuttg. 1842, 2 vols. 8vo), and Coinment. in Apocalypsin (Lips. 1828, 8vo); likewise F. W. C. Umbreit's Commentar ub. d. Propheten (Hamb. 1842-6, 4 vols. 8vo), Romer (Gotha, 1856, 8vo), Psalter (ib. 1848, 8vo), SPRSICHE SALOMOS (ib. 1826, 8vo), Kohelet (ib. 1820, 8vo), and Hiob. (ib. 1832, 8vo); also the Handb. d. Einleit. d. Apocryphen, by G. Volkmar (Tib. 1860 sq.). A new series of critical and exegetical commentaries of great value, in German, on the books of the O.T., is also in progress by Delitzsch and Keil (Lpz. 1861 sq.), which will doubtless include the substance of those already published by these writers on several of the books (Genesis, Psalms, Canticles, Habakipuk, Joshua, Kings, Chronicles separately); it is in course of publication, in an English dress, by the Messrs. Clark of Edinburgh.
J. P. Lange, assisted by several evangelical scholars, is also issuing aseries of admirable homiletical commentaries on. the books of the O. and N.T., of which improved translations are in course of publication in this country, edited by Dr. Schaff (N. Y. 1864 sq.). Wetstein's Novum Testamentum Graecum (Amst. 1751, 2 vols. fol.), and Grinfield's Hellenistic Editio and Scholia on the New Test. (Lond. 1843, 1848, 4 vols. 8vo) afford much valuable philological elucidation of the text. Bunsen's Bibelwerk, now in progress of publication (Lpz. 1858 sq. 8vo), although eccentric in many respects, has also its valuable exegetical features, especially the new translation of the text.
In addition to these, Germany has produced many other specimens of commentary that occupy a high place in the estimation of competent judges, but still remain untranslated. Among these are Licke on John's writings, especially in the third edition; Gesenius on Isaiah; De Wette on the Psalms; Fritzsche on Matt., Mark, and Rom.; Bihr on Colossians; Philippi on Romans; Bleek on Hebrews; Hupfeld on the Psalms; Gramberg on Chronicles; Ruckert on Romans and Corinthians; Flatt on the Epistles; Lengerke on Daniel; Stier on Acts, Hebrews, James, and Jude; Havernick on Ezekiel and Daniel; Harless on Ephesians; Winer (in Latin) on Galatians; Schultens (Lat.) on Job and Proverbs; and Tuch on Genesis; with numerous others, which possess much merit, accompanied, it is true, with some serious faults. Dr. Nast, of Cincinnati, is publishing in this country a commentary on the New Test. in German on an excellent plan, of which an edition in English is also issued.
3. To these may be added the American commentaries of Turner on Genesis, Romans, John, Ephesians, Galatians, and Hebrews; Hackett on Acts; Moore on Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi; the notes of Owen, Whedon, Ripley, Jacobus, Hodge, and others, on the Gospels, Epistles, etc.; and numerous other less important works that might be specified, but which are given more fully under the respective books of Scripture. We may also refer to the notes accompanying the revision of the Engl. Bible now in progress by the Am. Bible Union, as furnishing much exegetical elucidation. (See a convenient list of works most accessible and useful to American students, with prices attached, and judicious practical hints on the general subject of aids to Biblical knowledge, in the Methodist Quar. Rev. April, 1856, p. 288-297.) Notwithstanding the above somewhat copious statement, it must, however, be admitted that a convenient and satisfactory manual of exposition on the entire Bible, adapted to the wants of the public in this country, is still a de sideratum.
4. The following is a chronological conspectus of professed Commentaries on the whole canonical Scriptures (exclusive of merely improved versions or editions), as complete as we have been able to make it. For those covering the Old or the New Testament alone, see under those titles. The most important of those here enumerated are designated by an asterisk (*) prefixed: Origen, Commentaria (ed. Huetius, Rothmagi. 1668, 2 vols. fol.); Augustine, Exegetica (in Opp. 3-6), also his Sermones (ib. vii), and his Quaestiones (Lugd. 1561, 8vo); Paterius, Expositio (from Gregory, in the latter's Opp. IV, ii); Hugo de S. Caro, Postilloe (6 vols. fol.,Ven. et Basil. 1487, Basil. 1498, 1504, Par. 1508, Colon. 1621; 8 vols. fol., Lugd. 1645, 1669); *Walafridus Strabo, Glossa, etc. (a sort of Catena, including extracts from Rabanus Maurus, and the Postilloe of De Lyra, 6 vols. fol., Nuremb. 1494; also more complete, Duaci. 1617, and Antw. 1634); Nezen, Operationes Biblicoe [from Luther's expositions] (Jen. 1510-11, 2 vols. 4to); Dionysius Carthusianus, Commentarius (Colon. 1532 sq., 12 vols. fol.); *Pellican, Commentarii [except Jonah, Zechariah and Revelation] (Tiguri. 1532 sq., 7 vols. fol.; with Meyer's notes on the Apocalypse, Tigur. 1542, 10 vols. fol.); Bp. Clario, Annotationes [those on the O.T. are chiefly from Seb. Munster] (Venice, 1542, 1557, 1564, fol.; also in the Critici Sacri); Gastius, Commentarii [from Augustine] (Basil. 1542, 2 vols. 4to); Vatablus, Scholia [from his lectures] (in Stephens's Latin Bible, Paris, 1545, 1551; also separately, Salamanca, 1584, 2 vols. fol.; and in the Critici Sacri, and since); Bruccioli, Commento (Venice, 1546, 7 pts. fol.); Castalio, Biblia Sacra , etc. (Basil. 1551, fol.; later with various additions, especially Francfort, 1697, fol.; also in the Critici Sacri); Marloratus, Commentarii [on many portions of Scripture] (various places and forms, 1562-85, etc.); Strigelius, Scholia (on the books of the O.T. separately, Lips. etc. 1566 sq., 18 vols. 8vo) and Hiypomnemata (on the N.T., Lips. 1565, 8vo, and later); L. Osiander, Annotationes (Tub. 1573-84, 8 vols., 1587, 1 vol. 4to, 158992, 1597, Franc. 1609, 3 vols. fol.; also in German, Stuttg. 1600, and often); Tremellius and Beza, Scholia et Noteo [chiefly notes by Tremellius and Junius] (Genesis 1575-9, Lond. 1593, fol., and later); Brentz, Commentarii [sermons] (in his Opp. i-vii, Tiib. 1576-90); *Calvin, Commentarii [except Judges, Ruth, 2 Sam., Kings, Chronicles, Esther, Nehemiah, Ezra, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, and Revelation] (at various times in different languages; together in Latin, in his Opera, Geneva, 1578, 12 vois. 1617, 7 vols., Amst. 1671, 9 vols. fol.; in English [except 1 Samuel and Job], Edinb. 1845-56, 52 vols. 8vo); *Lucas Brugensis, Notationes (Antw. 1580, 4to; also in the Critici Sacri); also his and Molanus's and others' notes in the Biblia Lovanensis (Antw. 1580, 1582 sq.; 1590, fol.; also in the Critici Sacri); Chytraeus, Commentarii [on most of the books of Scripture] (in Opp. Exeg. Vitemb. 1590-2, Lips. 1598-9, 2 vols. fol.); *Sa, Notationes (4to, Antw. 1598, 1610, Lugd. 1609, 1647, Colon. 1610, 1620; fol. Lugd. 1641; also in Mariana's Scholia, Antw. 1624, fol., and in De la Haye's Biblia, Par. 1643, fol.); Piscator, Commentarii (Herb. 1601 sq., 24 vols. 8vo; 1643-5,4 vols. fol., N.T. also separate); Diodati, Annotationes (Genev. 1607, fol.; in English, Lond. 1608, enlarged 1651, fol.); Cramer, Auslegung (Argent. 1619, 3 vols. 4to; without the text, 1727, 4to; F. ad M. 1780, 2 vols. 4to); *Mariana, Scholia (Madrid. 1619, Paris, 1620, Antw. 1624, fol.); *Estius, Annotationes (Antw. 1621, fol.; Colon. 1622, 4to; enlarged by Nemius, Duaci. 1628, Antw. 1653, Par. 1663, 1683, Mogunt. 1668, fol., and in De la Haye; also with the author's excellent notes on the Epistles, Antw. 1699, fol.); Pareus, Commentaria [on most of the books of the Bible] (at different times, also collected Franefort, 1628, 1641, 1648, Genesis 1642, fol.; and in Opp. Exeg. Franc. 1647, 3 vols. fol.); Haraeus, Expositiones [Patristic and mystical] (Antw. 1630, fol.); *Menochius, Expositio (fol. Colon. 1630, 3 vols.; Antw. 1679, Lugd. 1683,1695, 1 vol.; with important additions by Tourremine, Par. 1719, 2 vols., Ven. 1722, 1 vol.; also in De la Haye, etc.); *Tirinus, Commentarius [chiefly compiled, especially from A Lapide] (fol. Antw. 1632, 3 vols.; 1645, 1656, 1668, 1688, 1719, Lugd. 1664, 1678, 1690, 1697, 1702, Venice, 1688, 1704, 1709, 1724, Aug. Vind. 1704, 2 vols.; also in De la Haye's Biblia and Poole's Synopsis); Strabo Fuldensis [ed. Leander], Glossa [with Lyra's Postilla] (Antw. 1634, 6 vols. fol.); Haak, Dutch Annotations of Syn. of Dort (Lond. 1637, 1657, 2 vols. fol.); Gordon, Commentaria (Par. 1636, 3 vols. fol.); Card. Cajetan, Commentarii (Lugd. 1639, 5 vols. fol.); the Nuremberg (otherwise Vinarian or Ernestian, Erklarung [by various authors, edited by Gerhard, Major, and other Jena professors] (Nurnb. 1640-2, and often afterwards, fol.); Quistorp, Annotationes (Rost. 1643, 2 vols. 4to); *De la Haye, Biblia Magna [a collection of the comments of Gagnaeus, Este, Sa, Menoch, and Tirinus] (Par. 1643, 5 vols. fol.) also his Biblia Maxima [an enlarged but less correct edition of the preceding, with some omissions, and the addition of De Lyra's and some original comments] (Par. 1660, 19 vols. fol.); Bp. Hall, Contemplations (in Works, i, ii, Lond. 1647; also often since separately); Friedlib, Observationes (Stral. 1649-50, 2 vols. fol.; enlarged, F. ad M. 1650); the Westminster Assembly's (q.v.) Annotations [by various divines] (Lond. 1650-7, 2 vols.; 3d ed. 1657, 3 vols. fol.); Escobar and Mendoza, Commentarii (Lugd. 1652-67, 9 vols. fol.); Mayer, Commentary [chiefly compiled] (Lond. 1653, 6 vols. fol., and I vol. in 4to, etc.); Trapp, Commentary [quaint] (Lond. 1654, 5 vols. fol.; 1867 sq., 8vo); *Grotius, Annotationes (O.T., Par. 1654, 3 vols. fol.; Venice, 1663, fol.; N.T., Par. 1644, 1646, 1649, fol., etc.; together, Lond. 1660, fol.; also in Opera, i, ii; and the Critici Sacri, vii, abridged by Moody, Lond. 1727, 2 vols. 4to); the Critici Sacri (q.v.), ed. by Bp. Pearson and others [an immense collection of exegetical treatises by various eminent scholars] (Lond. 1660, 9 vols. fol.; with the 2 additional vols. called Supplementum, F. ad M. 1696-1701, 9 vols. fol.; and with 4 more vols. called Thesaurus Theologico-philologicus et Thesaurus Novus, Amst. 1698-1732, 13 vols. fol.; condensed by Poole in his Synopsis); Pruckner, Commentarium (F. ad. M. 1663, 2 vols. folo); F. de Carribres, Commentaria (Lugd. 1663, folo); Brenius, Annotationes [Socinian] (ed. Cuper, Amst. 1664, fol,); A Lapide, Commentaria [except Job and the Psalms] (Antwo 1664, 1671, 1681, 1694, 1705, Venice, 1708, 1780, 10 vols fol.); Heinlin, Rebstock, Zeller, Jager, Pfaff, and Hochstetter, Summarien [by order of the duke of Wirtemberg] (Stuttgart, 1667, Lpz. 1709, Rudest. 1721, 4to, Lpz. 1721, fol. in 6 vols.); S. and H. Marestus, Bibel (Amst. 1669, fol.); *Poole, Synopsis [in large part a condensation of the Critici Sacri, De la Haye's Biblia, and similar works] (Lond. 1690-1676, 4 vols. in 5, fol.; Franc. 1679, 5 vols. fol.; Ultraj. 1685, 5 vols. fol.; Franc. 1694, 5 vols. 4to; 1712, 5 vols. fol.); a different work is his original Annotations [completed by others] (London, 1683-5, also 1700, 2 vols. fol.; Edinb. 1803, 4 vols. 4to; Lond. 1840, 3 vols. 8vo); De Sacy, Sainte Bible, etc. [chiefly Patristic] (Par. 1672, 30 vols. 8vo; Leyd. 1696, 32 vols. 12mo; Bruxelles, 1723, 3 vols. 4to; Lyons, 1702, 3 vols. fol., and other eds.); Calovius, Biblia illustrata [in opposition to Grotius] (F. ad M. 16726, Dresd. 1719, 4 vols. fol.); Cocceius, Commentarii [on many portions of Scripture] (at various times, separately; also in Opera, i-v, Amst. 1675, fol. and later); Olearius, Erklisr. (Lips. 1618-81, 5 vols. fol.); *Patrick, Lowth, Arnold, Whitby, and Lowman, Commentary [originally in separate portions by each author on the successive books, Lond. 1679 sq.] (Lond. 1738 sq., 7 vols. fol.; ed. Pitman, Lond. 1821, 6 vols. 4to; Phila. 1844, Lond. 1853, 4 vols. 8vo); *Schmid, Commentarii [on most of the books of Scripture] (at various places, separately, 1680-1704, 18 vols. 4to); Allix, Reflections (Lond. 1688, 2 vols. in 1, 8vo; 1809, 8vo; Oxf. 1822, 8vo; also in Bishop Watson's Theol. Tracts; also in French, Lond. 1687-9, 8vo; Amst. 1689, 2 ‘vols. 8vo); S. Clarke, Annotations, etc. (Lond. 1690, 1760, Glasg. 1765, fol.); Ness, Hist. and Mystery (Lond. 1690-96, 4 vols. fol.); L. de Carrieres, Commentaire (Paris, 170116, 24 vols. 12mo); Haase, Anmerk. etc. (Lpz. 1704, 1710, 1733, 8vo; 1707, fol.; also in Dutch, Amst. 1725, 4to); Du Hamel, Annotationes, etc. (Par. 1706, 2 vols. fol.); Martin, Bible expliquee (Amst. 1707, 2 vols. fol.); *Henry, Exposition, etc. [completed from Acts by others] (London, 1707-15, 5 vols. fol.; 4th ed. complete, London, 1737, 5 vols. fol., and often since; new ed. Lond. 1849, 6 vols. 4to; condensed in Jenks's Comr prehensive Commentary) *Calmet, Commentaire (Par. 1707-16, 23 vols., 1713, 26 vols. 4to; 1724, 8 vols. in 9, fol.; the Dissertations, etc., separately, Par. 1715, 5 vols. 8vo, 1720, 3 vols. 4to; the last in Latin by Manse, Lucca, 1729, 2 vols. fol., and the whole by the same, Wirceb. 1789-93, 19 vols. 4to.; also in German by Mosheim, Brem. 1738-47, 6 vols. 8vo; abridged in French, Par. 1721, 8vo; many of its notes were inserted in the Abbe Vence's Bible, Paris, 1767-73, 17 vols. 4to, and later); Wells, Paraphrase, etc. (in parts, Oxf. 170827, 7 vols. 4to and 8vo): Raphelius, Annotationes [Illustrations from Xenophon, etc.] (first separately on the O.T. and N.T., Hamb. 1709-15, 2 vols. 8vo; together, Lunenb. 1731, 8vo; enlarged, L. Bat. 1747, 2 vols. 8vo); Horche, Erklarung [mystical — Song of Solomon and Revelation omitted] (Marb. 1712, 4to); Mdme. Guyon, Explications [mystical] (Colossians et Amst. 1713-5, 20 vols. 12mo); Osterwald, Observations, etc. [tr. from his French Bible, Amst. 1714, fol.] (by Chamberlayne, Lond. 1722, 8vo; 5th edition enlarged, Lond. 1779, 2 vols. 8vo); Anon. Bibel, etc. (Stuttg. 1716, fol.); Parker, Commentary [in large part compiled] (Oxf. 1717-25, 4to); Anon. Bibel, etc. (Lemgo, 1720, fol.); the Berleburg (q.v.) Bibel [pietistical], by various anonymous editors (Berleburg, 1726-9, 7 vols. fol.); Pitschman, Anmerk. (Zitt, 1728, 4to); *Gill, Exposition [largely from Rabbinical sources] (originally in separate works, Lond. 1728-67, 9 vols. fol.; together, Lond. 1810, 9 vols. 4to; 1854, 6 vols. 8vo); Pfaffand Klemm, Anmerk. (Tub. 1729, fol.); *Lang, Erklar. [in part by Adler] (in separate works, Hal. 1729-37, 7 vols. fol.); also substantially condensed in his Biblia parenthetica [in German — an elliptical or paraphrastic elucidation] (Lpz. 1743, 2 vols. fol.); Zeltner, Erkldrung (Alt. 1730, 8vo; 1740, 4to); Wall, Notes (London, 1730-39, 3 vols. 8vo); Willisch, Selbst-Erklar. [completed by Haymann] (Freib. 173q fol.); Schmidt, Erklar. (Erf. 1740, 4to); Starck, Auslegungen (0. Test., Lpz. and Hal. 1741-7, 4 vols., N.T., Lpz. 1733-7, 3 vols. [and at other times in parts], 4to); *Chais [completed by Maclaine], Commentaire, etc.[from the best English interpreters] (Hague, 1743-90, 7 vols. 4to; the former part also in German, Lips. 174962, 4 vols. 4to); Luca ed. [by order of the pope], Commentarii, etc. [from various authors] (Ven. 1745, 4to); also [by the same authority] ed. Cartier, Commentarii [a more extensive work, with a Germ. version, for the use of the monastery of Ettenheim] (Constantine, 1751, fol.); Edwards, Notes (in Works, 2:676); Koke, Anmerk. (Hild. 1750, 4to); Slezina, Commentarius (Prague, 1757-60, 1770, 4 vols. 4to); Goadby, Illustration [Arian] (London, 1759-70, 3 vols. fol., and later); Rider, Family Bible (Lond. 1763, 3 vols. fol.); Wesley, Notes [those on the N.T. are short, but valuable] (London, 1764, 4 vols. 4to; also in Works); — Allen, Exposition [Antinomian] (London, 1765, 2 vols. fol., and later); Liebich ed., Anmerk. (Hirschberg, 1765, 3 vols. 8vo); *Dodd, Commentary, etc. [in part extracts from MSS.] (in numbers, Lond. 1765; complete, 1770, 3 vols. fol.); Hawies, Expositor (London, 1765-66 [also published in America], 2 vols. fol.); J. S. Braun, Erklarung (Erf. 1768, 3 vols. fol.); Michaelis, Anmerk. (Gott. and Gotha, 1769-83, and 1790-2, 17 vols. 4to; also in Dutch, Utrecht, 1780-86, 8vo; and Erinnerungen on the same by Schulz, Halle, 1790-4, 6 vols. 4to); Korner, Anmerk. (Lpz. 1770-3, 3 vols. 4to); Moldenhauer, Erlaut. (Quedlint. 1774- 87, 10 vols. 4to and 2 vols. fol.); Weitenauer [Romans Cath.], Anmerk. (Augsb. 1777-82, 14 vols. 8vo); Hezel, Anmerk. (Lemgo, 1780-91, 10 vols. 8vo; condensed by Schenk, Lemgo, 1787, 8vo; with the author's partial enlargement, Halle,. 1786-90, 9 vols. 8vo; and this again annotated by Roos, Tubing. 1788, fol.); Bp. Wilson, Notes, etc. (Lond. 1785, 3 vols. 4to); H. Braun, Anmerk. (Nurnb. 1786, 8vo; ed. by Feder, 1803, 3 vols.; by Allioli. 1830-2, 6 vols.); also his [patristic] Bemerk. (Augsb. 1788-1805, 13 vols. 8vo; with a Lexikon, 1806, 2 vols. fol.); Yonge, Commentary (Lond. 1787, 4to); *Scott, Notes, etc. (in parts, Lond. 1788 sq., 4 vols. 4to; 5th ed. Lond. 1822, 6 vols. 4to; new ed. Lond. 1841, 6 vols. 4to; often reprinted in England and America; also condensed in Jenks's Comprehensive Commentary);, *Rosenmüller and Son, Scholia [on all the books except Samuel — Ezra] (O.T. by the son, Lips. 1788-1817, etc., 22 vols. 8vo; also abridged, by Lechler, Lips. 1828-36, 6 vols. 8vo; the N.T. by the father, Norimb. 1777, 6th ed. enlarged by the son, 1815-31, 5 vols 8vo); Brentano, Erklar. (Frkft. 1797-9, 13 vols. 8vo); Horst, Rullmann, Scherer, and others, ‘Commentar (Altenb. 1799-1809, 7 vols. 8vo); Alber, Interpretatio (Pesth, 1801-4, 16 vols. 8vo); Bulkley, Notes [chiefly Illustrations from the ancients] (ed. by Toulmin, Lond. 1802, 3 vols. 8vo); Priestley, Notes .(Northumb. 1803, 4 vols. 8vo); Coke, Commentary [mostly a reprint of Dodd] (Lond. 1806, 6 vols. 4to); Webster, [Rev. T.], Notes [chiefly from the Genevan Bible and Beza] (London, 1810, 4to); *A. Clarke, Commentary (Lond. 1810-26, 8 vols. 4to; N. Y. 1811-25, 6 vols. 4to; new ed. Lond. and N.Y. 1832, 6 vols. 8vo; Lond. 1844, 6 vols. 4to and 8vo); Hewlett, Notes (London, 1811, 3 vols. 4to); Fawcett, Devotional Bible (London, 1811, 2 vols. 4to); Benson, Commentary [largely after Poole] (Lond. 1811-18, 5 vols. 4to; 6th ed. 1848, 6 vols. 8vo; N. Y. 1839, 5 vols. 8vo); Hawker, Commentary (Lond. 1816-22, 10 vols. 12mo, and later); Mrs. Cornwallis, Observations (London, 1817, 4 vols. 8vo); D'Oyly and Miant, Notes [chiefly compiled] (Oxf. 1817, 3 vols. 4to, and often since; N. Y. 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to; London, 1856,1861, 3 vols. 8vo); Von Meyer, Anmerkungen (F. ad M. 1819, 1822, 3 vols. 8vo); Anon. Erlaut. (Quedlinb. 1819-21, 5 vols. 8vo); the Richters' Hausbibel (Barm. 1820, 8vo); Mrs. Stevens, Comments (Knaresb. 1823-31, 20 vols. 8vo); Boothroyd, Version, etc. (Huddersf. 1824, 3 vols. 4to; Lond. 1853, 8vo); Williams, Cottage Bible (Lond. 1825-27, 3 vols. 8vo); Greenfield, Comprehensive Bible (Lond. 1827, 4to) —; Plumptre, Ser. mons (London, 1827, 2 vols. 8vo); Stokes, Commentary [chiefly from Scott] (London, 1835-36, 6 vols. 8vo and 12mo); Abbe Glaire, Notes, etc. [from various authors] (Par. 1835-38, 3 vols. 4to); Jenks, Comprehensive Commentary [chiefly an assemblage of Henry, Scott, and Doddridge] (Brattleb. 1835- 38, 5 vols. 8ro); Girdle. stone, Lectures (Lond. 1835-42, 8 vols. 8vo); Davidson, Pocket Commentary (Edinb. 1836, 3 vols. 24mo); Wellbeloved, Notes, etc. [Unitarian] (London, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo); *Kitto, Pictorial Bible, etc. [valuable for Illustrations of Oriental customs] (Lond. 1838-39, 4 vols. 4to; 1855, 4 vols. 8vo; also without the text, as Illustrated Commentary, Lond. 1840, 5 vols. 8vo); Cobbin, Condensed Commentary (2d ed. Lond. 1839, 8vo); also Portable Commentary (Lond. 1846, 12mo); Abbe MIigne, Commentarius [chiefly compiled] (Paris, 1839-43, 27 vols. 8vo); *Simeon, Discourses [mostly practical] (Lond. 1840, 21 vols. 8vo); Sutcliffe, Commentary (5th ed. Lond. 1850, 2 vols. 8vo; 1854, 1 vol. 8vo); Bunsen, Bibelwerk [intended as a popular elucidation — learned and ingenious, but extravagant] (Lpz. 1858 sq., 9 vols. [18 half vols.] 8vo [pt. i, translation; ii, exposition; iii, history, with suppl. Atlas]); Lange, Bibelwerk [mostly theological and homiletical] (Bielefeld, 1864 sq., 8vo [a large part of the N.T. has been issued, and several books of the O.T., in successive volumes, a considerable number of which have been translated in Clark's Foreign Theol. Lib., Edinb., and some of them in N.Y., greatly enlarged and improved under the editorship of Dr. Schaff]); Wordsworth, Notes (Lond. 1865 sq., 8vo); Jamieson, etc., Commentary (Lond. 1868 sq., 8vo).