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(Heb. Timnah', úַּîְðָä , portion), the name of several places in Palestine, which appears in the original, either simple or compounded, in several forms, not always accurately represented in the A. V. We treat under this head only the simple name, reserving the compounds for a separate article. SEE TIMNA.
1. The place near which Tamar entrapped Judah into intercourse with her (Gen_38:12-14; Heb. with ä directive, Timnathah, úַּîְð úָä ; Sept. èáìíÜ ; Vulg. Thamnatha; A.V. “to Timnath” ). It had a road leading to it (Gen_38:14), and as it lay on high ground (Gen_38:12), it probably was the same with the Timnah in the mountain district of the tribe of Judah (Jos_15:57; Sept. èáìíÜ v.r. èáìíáèÜ ; Vulg. Thamna). As it lay in the same group with Maon, Ziph, and Carmel, south-east of Hebron (Keil, Comment. ad loc.), it may perhaps be identical with a ruined site upon a low hill on the west of the road between Ziph and Carmel, “called Um el- Amod (‘mother of the pillar'). Foundations and heaps of stones, with some cisterns, cover a small tract of ground, while two or three coarse columns mark the site probably of a village church, and give occasion for the name” (Robinson, Bibl. Res. 2, 192; comp. p. 629).
2. A town near the north-west border of Judah, between Beth-shemesh and Ekron (Jos_15:10; Sept. Ëßø v.r. Íüôò ; Vulg. Thamna). It is doubtless the same with the place of the same name in Dan (Jos_19:43, Heb. with ä paragogic, Timnathah, úַּîְð úָä ; Sept. èáìíÜ ; Vulg. Themna; A. V. “Thimnathah” ), which lay in the vicinity of Ekron; and likewise with the residence of Samson's first wife (Jdg_14:1-2; Jdg_14:5; Heb. likewise with ä appended; Sept. èáìíáèÜ ; Vulg. Thanmnatha; A.V. “Timnath ;” Josephus, èáìíÜ , Ant. 5, 8,5), which lay on the Philistine edge of the Shephelah (Jdg_14:1); and both are therefore the same place that was invaded by the Philistines in the time of Ahaz (2Ch_28:18; Sept. èáìíÜ ; Vulg. Thamnan). At this last date it had suburbs adjoining (“villages” ); and in Samson's day it contained vineyards, haunted, however, by such savage animals as indicate that the population was but sparse. It was on higher ground than Ashkelon (Jdg_14:19), but lower than Zorah, which we may presume was Samson's ‘starting- point (Jdg_13:25). After the Danites had deserted their original allotment for the north, their towns would naturally fall into the hands of Judah, or of the Philistines, as the continual struggle between them might happen to fluctuate. In the later history of the Jews, Timnah must have been a, conspicuous place. It was fortified by Bacchides as one of the most important military posts of Judaea ( èáìíÜèá , 1Ma_9:50), and it became the head of a district or toparchy, which was called after its name, and was reckoned the fourth in order of importance among the fourteen into which the whole country was divided at the time of Vespasian's invasion ( èáìíÜ , Josephus, War, 3, 3, 5; see Pliny, 5, 14). Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s.v. èáìíÜ , Thamna” ) confound it with the Timnah of Judah's adventure with Tamar, but say that it still existed as a large village near Diospolis on the road to Jerusalem. According to Schwarz (Palest. p. 106), it is likewise mentioned in the Talmud (Sotah, fol. 10 b). The modern representative of all these various forms of the same name is probably Tibneh, a deserted village about two miles west of Ain Shems (Beth- shemesh), among the broken undulating country by which the central mountains of this part of Palestine descend to the maritime plain (Robinson, Bibl. Res. 2, 342; Thomson, Land and Book, 2, 361).