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Abijah's Warning to Israel
v. 1. Now, in the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam, Rehoboam having died after a reign of fully seventeen years, began Abijah to reign over Judah.
v. 2. He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother's name also was Michaiah (or Maachah, 2Ch_11:20), the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah, who had married Tamar, the daughter of Absalom. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam, not merely a state of hostility, where each side rested on its arms, but actual, bitter warfare.
v. 3. And Abijah, apparently in an effort to regain the northern territory for the house of David, set the battle in array with an army of valiant men of war, experienced, veteran troops, even four hundred thousand chosen men, for most men in those days were trained in the use of arms. Jeroboam also set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, being mighty men of valor. It was civil war in dead earnest, with no prophet interfering in behalf of Israel, since Jeroboam, on account of his idolatry, had forfeited all claims for protection.
v. 4. And Abijah stood up upon Mount Zemaraim, which is in Mount Ephraim, probably in the neighborhood of Bethel, and said, Hear me, thou Jeroboam and all Israel!
v. 5. Ought ye not to know that the Lord God of Israel gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, 2Sa_7:12-16, even to him and to his sons, by a covenant of salt? He pictured the covenant as an unchangeable and irrevocable promise on the part of Jehovah, substantiated by the meat-offering, which was always prepared with salt, Lev_2:13; Num_18:19.
v. 6. Yet Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon, the son of David, is risen up and hath rebelled against his lord, Jeroboam thus being represented as a miserable usurper, who had taken advantage of Rehoboam's youth and inexperience.
v. 7. And there are gathered unto him vain men, literally, "sons of worthlessness," the children of Belial, vain, useless fellows, loose, fickle, and unreliable, and have strengthened themselves against Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted and could not withstand them, they showed themselves strong against him while he was as yet unstable and unable to resist them.
v. 8. And now ye think to withstand, by making themselves strong, the kingdom of the Lord in the hand of the sons of David; and ye be a great multitude, and there are with you golden calves, which Jeroboam made you for gods, this being a sharp censure of the gross idolatry which now had official recognition in the northern kingdom, 1Ki_12:28.
v. 9. Have ye not, in consequence of the gross idolatry introduced by Jeroboam, cast out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, all these having been put out of office and expelled from the country when Jeroboam selected priests for his cult who were not of the sons of Levi, 1Ki_12:31; 2Ch_11:14, and have made you priests after the manner of the nations of other lands? so that whosoever cometh to consecrate himself with a young bullock and seven rams, changing the requirements of the law also in this respect and making it a priesthood of ungods, Exodus 29; Deu_32:21, the same may be a priest of them that are no gods.
v. 10. But as for us, the members of the southern nation, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken Him, the pure and regular observance of the true religion was found only in Judah; and the priests which minister unto the Lord are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites wait upon their business;
v. 11. and they burn unto the Lord every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense; the showbread also set they in order upon the pure table, the special table overlaid with gold in the Holy Place, and the candlestick of gold with the lamps thereof to burn every evening; for we keep the charge of the Lord, our God, performing all the acts of public worship in strict conformity with His regulations; but ye have forsaken Him.
v. 12. And, behold, God Himself is with us for our Captain, the army of Judah had placed itself entirely under His leadership and protection, and His priests with sounding trumpets to cry alarm against you, for that was one of the functions of the priests, to sound the clanging trumpets and thereby call upon the Lord to help His people in war, Num_10:9. Abijah ended with one last fervent appeal: O children of Israel, fight ye not against the Lord God of your fathers; for ye shall not prosper. It is only where the Word of God is the lamp to a community or nation that He will truly bless and prosper the people.