9. χάριτι θεοῦ אABCDEKL. The χωρὶς θεοῦ of M Syr. and the rec. is an ancient variation known to Origen, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Jerome and others. It has been supposed to be a Monophysite corruption, but was more ancient than that controversy. It is probably a mere pragmatic gloss on the ὑπὲρ παντός. By a curious error St Thomas Aquinas here mistook the gratia Dei of the Vulg. for a nominative. See the note.