31. ἐστιν γεγραμ. See on Joh 2:17. What follows is a rough quotation of ‘had rained down manna upon them to eat’ (Psa 78:24), or possibly of Neh 9:15. In either case they artfully suppress the nominative, ‘God,’ and leave ‘Moses’ to be understood. The ἐκ points to Neh 9:15; not merely from above, but out of heaven itself.