19. μὴ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἔγνω; Can it be pleaded that Israel did not understand, i.e. Israel, with its privilege of special revelation, cannot plead ignorance in face of the explicit character of the warnings; cf. Joh 3:10.
πρῶτος. From Moses onwards the warnings are explicit, of disobedience in Israel and acceptance among others.