(2) (גּדה, gaÌ„dhaÌ„h, “cuttingsâ€): Always of banks overflowed (; ; ), as also
(3) (גּדיה, gidhyāh, ).
(4) (סללה, soÌ„lelaÌ„h, “mound,†“rampartâ€): “Cast up a bank against the city†(, the English Revised Version “mount,†the American Standard Revised Version “moundâ€; compare ; ). “Banks of sweet herbs†(); “the marginal rendering is the right one, 'towers of perfumes,' i.e. plants with fragrant leaves and flowers trained on trellis-work†(Speaker's Commentary in the place cited.).
(5) ((χαÌÏαξ, chaÌrax, “a stake,†“entrenchmentâ€): “Thine enemies shall cast up a bank about thee†( the King James Version “trenchâ€). It is probably a military term and stands for a “palisade†(so the Revised Version, margin), i.e. probably an embankment of stakes strengthened with branches and earth, with a ditch behind it, used by the besiegers as a protection against arrows or attacking parties (Latin vallum), such, no doubt, as was employed by Titus in the siege of Jerusalem, 70 ad (Josephus, BJ, V, vi, 2).