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cheÌ„f: The English word is in the King James Version of Old Testament the translation of some 17 different Hebrew words, most frequently of roÌ„'sh, “head,†sar, “prince,†and reÌ„'shı̄th, “beginning.†The principal changes made by the Revised Version (British and American) are: (1) Hebrew beÌ„th'aÌ„bh, “house of a father,†being recognized as a technical term denoting a subdivision of a tribe, roÌ„'sh is rendered literally “head,†when it occurs in connection with this phrase, so that “chief fathers†() and “chief of the fathers†() become “heads of fathers' housesâ€; (2) Hebrew naÌ„ghı̄dh and naÌ„sı̄' are more accurately translated “prince†in such passages as ; ; (3) The misinterpretations which brought about the translation “chief†for 'acı̄lı̄m, “corners,†, and for ma‛ăleh, “ascent,†in , are corrected.
In the New Testament “chief†is in most of its appearances the translation of Greek prō̇tos, “firstâ€; the Revised Version (British and American) reads “first†for the King James Version “chief,†“chiefest,†in ; ; . The reading in the latter passage is a difficult one, but the King James Version “Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia,†seems to imply a political authority which Philippi did not possess; the Revised Version (British and American) “a city of Macedonia, the first of the district.†Greek aÌrchoÌ„n, “prince,†“ruler,†is rendered by the King James Version “chief,†by the Revised Version (British and American) “prince,†in ; the King James Version “chief Pharisees,†the Revised Version (British and American) “rulers of the Pharisees,†in .
The original meaning of “chief†having been weakened, the comparative and superlative were admitted into English, the latter only appearing in the King James Version or the Revised Version: ; ; , etc. On “chief of Asia†( the King James Version) see ASIARCH.