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foÌ‚r (×›Ö¼×™, kı̄ (conjunction), ל, le, from ×ל, 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly γαÌÏ, gaÌr καὶ γαÌÏ, kaÄ±Ì gaÌr, ὁÌτι, hoÌti (conjunctions); ἀντιÌ, antÄ±Ì Î±Ì“Ï€Î¿Ì, apoÌ ÎµÎ¹Ì“Ï‚, eis διαÌ, diaÌ (accusative), ἐπιÌ, epÄ±Ì (dative and accusative), πεÏιÌ, perÄ±Ì (genitive), Ï€ÏοÌÏ‚, proÌs (genitive and accusative), ὑπεÌÏ, hupeÌr (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, “face to face,†“over against,†“instead,†“on behalf of,†peri, “around,†“about,†“concerning,†huper, “over,†“on behalf of.†The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means “instead of,†“answering to,†it does not necessarily imply substitution. On the other hand, in classical Greek huper is sometimes used in that sense (see Trench, Synonyms). “Here as always the root idea of the preposition, the root idea of the case, and the context must all be considered†(Robertson, Grammar, 124). Anti is found in this connection only in , and . In ; , we have peri, also in , , , ; ; ; . , has huper, which is the word commonly used by Paul, as in , ; ; ; , etc., also by John in his Gospel, ; , etc., and ; also ; ; ; ; ; in it is perǐ.