(2) פרדּס, pardeÌ„ṣ̌: , margin “parkâ€; , the King James Version “orchards,†the Revised Version (British and American) “parksâ€; , English Versions of the Bible “orchard,†the Revised Version, margin “paradise.†A word of Persian origin signifying probably an enclosure. See PARADISE.
(3) יער, ya‛ar from root meaning “ruggedâ€; compare Arabic wa‛ar, “a rugged, stony region.†It is sometimes rendered “forest†and sometimes (but less often in the Revised Version (British and American)) “wood.†It is used of certain definite wooded tracts: “the forest in Arabia†(, margin “thicketsâ€); “the forest of Carmel†( the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) “of his fruitful fieldâ€); “the forest of Hereth†(); “the forest of Lebanon†( f; -21; -20); “the forest of Ephraim,†east of the Jordan (, , ). The word ya‛ar appears also in well-known Kiriath-jearim, “the city of forests,†and Mr. Jearim (). Among numerous other references the following may be cited: ; , ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; .
(4) סבך, ṣebhakh, from root meaning “to interweave.†A “thicket†(; ); “thicket of trees†(); “thickets of the forest†(; ).
(5) עבי×, ‛aÌ„bhı̄m, “thicket†().
From many references it is evident that Palestine had in Old Testament times much more extensive forests and woodlands than today. For a discussion of the subject see BOTANY.