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Commentary Index | Return to PrayerRequest.com | DownloadInternational Standard Bible Encyclopedia: Heavy; Heaviness
Subjects in this Topic:
hev´i, hev´i-nes (כּבד, kaÌ„bheÌ„dh, דּ××’×”, de'aÌ„ghaÌ„h; λυÌπη, luÌpeÌ„):
1. Literal
Heavy (heave, to lift) is used literally with respect to material things, as the translation of koÌ„bheÌ„dh, “heaviness†(, “a stone is heavyâ€); of kaÌ„bheÌ„dh, “to be weighty†(; ; ); of ‛aÌ„masÌ£, “to load†( the King James Version; compare ; ; , “Their eyes were heavyâ€); bareÌomai, “to be weighed down.â€
2. Figuratively
It is used (1) for what is hard to bear, oppressive, kaÌ„bheÌ„dh (; ; , ; ; ); moÌ„tÌ£aÌ„h, a “yoke†(, the Revised Version (British and American) “bands of the yokeâ€); kÌ£aÌ„sheh, “sharp,†“hard†(, “heavy tidingsâ€); baruÌs, “heavy†(); (2) for sad, sorrowful (weighed down), mar, “bitter†(, the Revised Version (British and American) “bitterâ€); ra‛, “evil†(); adeÌ„moneÌoÌ„, literally, “to be sated,†“wearied,†then, “to be very heavy,†“dejected†(, of our Lord in Gethsemane, “(he) began to be sorrowful and very heavy,†the Revised Version (British and American) “sore troubledâ€); “adeÌ„monein denotes a kind of stupefaction and bewilderment, the intellectual powers reeling and staggering under the pressure of the ideas presented to them†(Mason, The Conditions of our Lord's Life on Earth); compare ; (3) morose, sulky, as well as sad, sÌ£ar, “sullen,†“sour,†“angry†(; , “heavy and displeasedâ€); (4) dull, kaÌ„bheÌ„dh (, “make their ears heavyâ€; , “neither (is) his ear heavyâ€); (5) “tired†seems to be the meaning in , “Moses' hands were heavy†(kaÌ„bheÌ„dh); compare and parallels above.
Heavily is the translation of kebheÌ„dhuth, “heaviness†(), meaning “with difficultyâ€; of kÌ£aÌ„dhar, “to be black,†“to be a mourner†( the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) “I bowed down mourningâ€); of kaÌ„bheÌ„dh ().
Heaviness has always the sense of anxiety, sorrow, grief, etc.; de'aÌ„ghaÌ„h, “fear,†“dread,†“anxious care†(, “Heaviness in the heart of a man maketh it stoop,†the Revised Version margin “or careâ€); keÌ„haÌ„h, “to be feeble,†“weak†(, “the spirit of heavinessâ€); paÌ„nı̄m, “face,†“aspect†( the King James Version, “I will leave off my heaviness,†the Revised Version (British and American) “(sad) countenanceâ€; compare 2 Esdras 5:16; The Wisdom of Solomon 17:4; Ecclesiasticus 25:23); ta'ănı̄yaÌ„h, from 'aÌ„naÌ„h, “to groan,†“to sigh†(, the Revised Version (British and American) “mourning and lamentationâ€); tuÌ„ghaÌ„h, “sadness,†“sorrow†(; ; ); ×”, ta‛ănı̄th, “affliction of one's self,†“fasting†(, the Revised Version (British and American) “humiliation,†margin “fastingâ€); kateÌ„Ìpheia, “dejection,†“sorrow†(literally, “of the eyesâ€) (, “your joy (turned) to heavinessâ€); lupeÌ„, “grief†(, the Revised Version (British and American) “great sorrowâ€; , the Revised Version (British and American) “sorrowâ€); lupeÌomai (, the Revised Version (British and American) “put to griefâ€); for nuÌ„sh, “to be sick,†“feeble†(, the Revised Version margin “sore sickâ€), and adeÌ„moneoÌ„ ( the Revised Version (British and American) “sore troubledâ€), the King James Version has “full of heaviness.†“Heaviness,†in the sense of sorrow, sadness, occurs in 2 Esdras 10:7, 8, 24; Tobit 2:5; lupeÌ„ (Ecclesiasticus 22:4, the Revised Version (British and American) “griefâ€; 30:21, “Give not thy soul to heaviness,†the Revised Version (British and American) “sorrowâ€; 1 Macc 6:4); lupeoÌ„ (Ecclesiasticus 30:9, the Revised Version (British and American) “will grieve theeâ€; peÌnthos (1 Macc 3:51, etc.).
The Revised Version has “heavier work†for “more work†(); “heavy upon men†for “common among men†(); for “were heavy loaden†(), “are made a loadâ€; for “the burden thereof is heavy†(), “in thick rising smoke.â€