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a-shaÌ„md´: Almost exclusively moral in significance; confusion or abashment through consciousness of guilt or of its exposure. Often including also a sense of terror or fear because of the disgrace connected with the performance of some action. Capacity for shame indicates that moral sense (conscience) is not extinct. “Ashamed†occurs 96 out of 118 times in the Old Testament. Hebrew בּוש×, boÌ„sh, “to feel shame†(Latin, pudere), with derivatives occurs 80 times; כּל×, kaÌ„lam, “to shame,†including the thought of “disgrace,†“reproachâ€; חפר, hÌ£aÌ„pheÌ„r, “to blushâ€: hence shame because of frustrated plans (uniformly in the Revised Version (British and American) “confoundedâ€); Greek αισχυÌνομαι, aischuÌnomai, “suffused with shame,†passive only and its compounds. Uses: (1) A few times, of actual embarrassment, as of Hazael before the steadfast look of Elisha (; see also ; ; ). (2) Innocence not capable of shame: “both naked ... and ... not ashamed†(; see SHAME); the redeemed no occasion for ( the King James Version; ); Christ not of “brethren†(); nor Christian of gospel (); nor God of men of faith (); nor they who trust in God (; ; ). (3) Sense of guilt: “I am ashamed ... for our iniquities†(); “of thy lewd way†(, ); ascribed to idolaters chagrined at worthlessness of idols (; , ; ; ); to enemies (); to wicked (); to all who forsake God (); to those who trust in human help, as Israel of Egypt and Assyria, and Moab of Chemosh (; ); to a mother of wicked children (). (4) Repentance causes shame for sin (; ). (5) Calamities also, and judgments (, ; ; ). (6) Capacity for shame may be lost through long-continued sin (; ; compare ), exceptionally striking passages on the deadening power of immorality, suggestive of ; . (7) The grace of Christ delivers from the shame of moral timidity (; 2 Tim 18, 12, 16; ). (8) At Christ's second coming His followers will “not be ashamed before him†(); at the final judgment He will be ashamed of all who have been ashamed of Him (; ; compare ; ). (9) The word lends itself to rich poetic use, e.g. Lebanon, with faded and falling foliage, “is ashamed†(the Revised Version (British and American) “confoundedâ€) at the desolations of the land under Sennacherib (); so great is God's glory in the new Jerusalem that “the sun (is) ashamed†in His presence (), explaining the glorious figure in ; . (The references in this article are from the King James Version; the Revised Version (British and American) frequently replaces 'ashamed' by 'put to shame.') See SHAME.