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vil´aÌ„Ìj (כּפר, kÌ£aÌ„phaÌ„r, חוּות, hÌ£awwoÌ„th, חצרי×, hÌ£ăceÌ„rı̄m, ×‘Ö¼× ×•×ª, baÌ„noÌ„th, פּרזות, peraÌ„zoÌ„th; κωÌμη, koÌ„ÌmeÌ„): (1) The general term for a village, in common with Aramaic and Arabic is kÌ£aÌ„phaÌ„r (; ; koÌ„pher; ; kephı̄r, ). This designation is derived from the idea of its offering “cover†or shelter. It is used in combination, and place-names of this formation became prominent in post-Biblical times, probably because the villages so named had then grown into towns. A well-known Biblical instance of such names is Capernaum. (2) HÌ£awwoÌ„th (always “town†in English Versions of the Bible; see HAVVOTH-JAIR) means originally a group of tents (Arabic hÌ£iwa'). These in settled life soon became more permanent dwellings, or what we understand by a village. The term, however, is applied only to the villages of Jair in the tribe of Manasseh (; ). (3) HÌ£ăceÌ„rı̄m likewise came from nomadic life. They were originally enclosures specially for cattle, alongside of which dwellings for the herdsmen and peasantry naturally grew up (see HAZAR-ADDAR; HAZOR). They were unwalled () and lay around the cities (). (4) BaÌ„noÌ„th is literally “daughters.†The word is applied to the dependent villages lying around the larger cities, and to which they looked as to a kind of metropolis (, etc.); the Revised Version (British and American) “towns†except in . (5) PeraÌ„zoÌ„th means “the open country,†but it soon came to mean the villages scattered in the open (; ; ). Some have sought to connect the Perizzites with this word and to regard them, not as a distinct people, but as the peasant class. Attempts have also been made to connect peraÌ„zoÌ„n in , with the same root, and the King James Version rendered it “inhabitants of the villages.†the Revised Version (British and American), on the contrary, gives it the meaning of “rulers.†The versions indicate a word meaning authority, and probably the text should be emended to read roÌ„zenı̄m, “rulers.†A similar emendation is required in . “Village†in the Revised Version (British and American) of the New Testament invariably represents the Greek koÌ„meÌ„, but in 2 Macc 8:6 the Revised Version (British and American) Apocrypha has “village†for choÌ„Ìra, lit. “country.†See CITY; TOWN.