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wuÌ‚rd: The commonest term in the Old Testament for “word†is דבר, daÌ„bhaÌ„r (also “matter†“thingâ€); in the New Testament λοÌγος, loÌgos (“reason,†“discourse,†“speechâ€); but also frequently Ï̔ῆμα, rheÌ„Ìma. RheÌ„ma is a “word†in itself considered; logos is a spoken word, with reference generally to that which is in the speaker's mind. Some of the chief applications of the terms may thus be exhibited:
(1) We have the word of Yahweh (or God; see below) (a) as the revelation to the patriarch, prophet, or inspired person (; ; , etc.); (b) as spoken forth by the prophet (; ; ; , etc.). (2) The word is often a commandment, sometimes equivalent to “the Law†(; ; ; ; , ; , etc.). (3) As a promise and ground of hope (, , , etc.; , etc.). (4) As creative, upholding, and preserving (; compare ff; , ; ; ; , ). (5) As personified (in Apocrypha, The Wisdom of Solomon 18:15; Ecclesiasticus 1:5, the Revised Version margin “omitted by the best authoritiesâ€). (6) As personal (). Logos in Philo and Greek-Jewish philosophy meant both reason or thought and its utterance, “the whole contents of the divine world of thought resting in the NouÌs of God, synonymous with the inner life of God Himself and corresponding to the logos endiaÌthetos of the human soul; on the other hand, it is the externalizing of this as revelation corresponding to the logos prophorikoÌs in which man's thought finds expression (Schultz). Compare also the references to Creation by “the word of God†and its personifications; see LOGOS; incarnated in Jesus Christ (; , ; , “His name is called, The Word of God,†Ho LoÌgos touÌ TheouÌ). See PERSON OF CHRIST. (7) Cannot be broken, endureth forever (; ; , etc.). (8) A designation of the gospel of Christ: sometimes simply “the wordâ€; with Jesus “the word of the Kingdom†(; ; , , , etc.). In John's Gospel Jesus frequently speaks of His “word†and “works†as containing the divine revelation and requirements made through Him, which men are asked to believe in, cherish and obey (; , , etc.); “the words of God†(; ; ; , , etc.); His “word†(logos and rheÌ„ma) is to be distinguished from laliaÌ, speech (compare ; ), translated “saying,†(, “Many more believed because of his own word†(logos); , “not because of thy saying†(lalia), the Revised Version (British and American) “speakingâ€); in the only other occurrence of lalia in this Gospel () Jesus uses it to distinguish the outward expression from the inner meaning, “Why do ye not understand my speech?†(lalia), “Even because ye cannot hear my word†(logos). (9) “Words†are distinguished from “power†(; ); are contrasted with “deed†(; ; ). (10) Paul refers to “unspeakable words†(aÌrrheÌ„ta rheÌ„Ìmata) which he heard in Paradise (), and to “words (logoi)...which the Spirit teacheth†().
For “word†the Revised Version (British and American) has “commandment†(, etc.); for “words,†“things†(; ; , ; ), “sayings†(; , ); for “enticing words,†“persuasiveness of speech†(); conversely, “word†for “commandment†(; ; , etc.), with numerous other changes.