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This Chapter Verse Commentaries:
‘I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death? I thank God through Jesus Christ our Lord.’
Rom_7:23-25
What is the effect of this doctrine of the Fall upon the lives of those who are weighed down with the sins of the social evils of the day? What is going to be the effect upon us of holding this view that mankind is fallen and needs restoration?
I. It will keep us on our guard against unsound schemes of social amelioration, it will make us realise that if we are to make for lasting progress, we must try and set right the very mainspring of the actions of men. We must try and get at the character as well as the environment. Not that we must neglect interest and work on behalf of such things as education, and sanitation, and housing, and fair conditions of labour, but all this must be built upon work for the character of men. We may give men the fair conditions of labour they ask for, all the opportunities that they covet, and yet they may be unable and unwilling to use them; and we who care for our fellow-men, and who work for the welfare of the whole, if we hold the doctrine of the Fall, will be on our guard against laying hold upon schemes which seem fair, but will prove unsuccessful. St. Paul found within himself a chaos of disorder, one law fighting against another, and he came to the conclusion that if he were to make the best of himself, it must be through Jesus Christ. ‘O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me from the body of this death? I thank God through Jesus Christ.’ And the experience of the last nineteen hundred years has shown that it is possible for weak men to become strong by being joined to the second Adam, the source of strength, by trying to model their lives on His life, by asking for and receiving strength from Him. Many and many a man has found that it has been possible to keep these laws, these jarring laws, at peace. And if we are anxious to do something to remedy those social evils that are a burden to us, we must bring men into contact with the second Adam, Jesus Christ our Lord. What organisation is so well qualified to bring men into touch with Christ, and to lift up their ideals in this country, as the Church of England? Having the whole of the population mapped out, and having every one under the care of some one whose chief work it is to care for his fellow-men, and to help them to make the best of their lives, the Church of England has the power to work for the social progress of the working people of our country.
II. The fact of believing in the Fall and the restoration by Jesus Christ will have an effect on our individual lives if it is held plainly.—If you believe you have a tendency to go off the track and do wrong, you will be careful to try and keep in touch with Him Who is the source of all strength. St. Paul proved, and many a man has proved, that it is possible to overcome this evil tendency by the strength which comes through Jesus Christ. If we believe that, then it will make us fly to the fountain of grace, to use the means of grace that we know of.
III. The Church gives us an hypothesis of life, which has proved useful in the past and will prove useful in the future.—Let us hold fast to this doctrine of the Fall and the restoration in Jesus Christ, and we shall work for lasting progress amongst our people. In Christ there is neither bond nor free, but all are one in Him. And, again, we shall work for the salvation of the individual as well as the community. ‘I can do all things through Christ Who strengtheneth me.’
—
Rev. A. Shillito.
Illustration‘There always have been people both before and after Pelagius who denied the Fall. There always have been people who have said that humanity is sound enough at the core, and that, if only the environment were right, mankind would be able to make the best of itself. That seems to me to be the fundamental defect of so many of the idealistic, socialistic schemes that are put forward to-day, for there are people who would not, even if they had every chance, make the best of their opportunities, who would not willingly consider the welfare of the whole rather than their own. The fundamental mistake of so many of these schemes is that they miss out what is a great fact of life—that there is something wrong with mankind. Then, again, there are others who deny the idea of a fall because they think it is inconsistent with the idea of evolution. The idea of evolution has taken such a hold upon us that many people find it hard, some impossible, to square the theory of development with the idea of a fall. But, after all, it is but a theory, a theory which seems to be true, and which explains a great deal that could not be explained before; but there are still many gaps, and it is quite possible that science may find a place for such a fact as the Fall. We have not yet explained how man came to have powers of reflection and self-consciousness. It is quite possible that science may have to acknowledge that these came from outside, and, if so, then, at that time when these powers of reflection were given, it is possible that mankind made the choice and fell. At any rate, this theory of a fall, which is taught from very old times and throughout the Bible, has proved an admirable working hypothesis for life, and we are not going to give it up for something which has not, at any rate at present, proved itself true.’
THE BITTER CRY OF HUMANITY
I. The Cross of Jesus Christ is the Divine answer to this great and exceeding bitter cry of our suffering, struggling, sinful humanity.—For the Cross is not merely an altar, but a battlefield, by far the greatest battlefield in all human history. That was the crisis of the conflict between good and evil which gives endless interest to the most insignificant human life, which is the source of the pathos and the tragedy, the degradation and the glory, of the long history of our race. It is the human struggle which we watch upon the Cross: the human victory there won which we acclaim with endless joy and exultation. Man faced the fiercest assault of the foe, and Man conquered. Man conquered man’s foe, and in the only way in which that foe could be conquered, the way of obedience. ‘He became obedient unto death.’
II. But what has this to do with us?—It cannot be too often repeated, that it has nothing to do with us, if Christ be merely ‘Another,’ separate from us as we are, or imagine ourselves to be, separate from each other. That which He took of the Virgin Mary, and took in the only way in which it could have been taken, by the Virgin Birth, was not a separate human individuality, but human nature; that nature which we all share. It was in that nature that He faced and overcame our enemy.
III. A separate individuality cannot be imparted to us, but a common nature can. And that nature which the Eternal Word assumed of the Virgin Mary, and in which He conquered sin and death, is communicated to us by His Spirit, above all, in the sacraments of Baptism and the Holy Communion. Here is the heart of the Atonement. That victory over sin and death is mine, and yet not mine. That is the splendid paradox which lies at the very root of Christianity. It is mine, because I share in that human nature which, by its perfect obedience, the obedience unto death, ‘triumphed gloriously’ upon the Cross. It is not mine until, by a deliberate act of my will, in self-surrender to Christ, I have made it my own. By grace and by faith, not by one of these without the other, we become one with Him Who died and rose again. It is faith, the hand of the soul stretched out to receive, which accepts and welcomes grace, the hand of God stretched out to give.
—
Rev. J. H. Beibitz.
Illustration‘O loving wisdom of our God!
When all was sin and shame,
A second Adam to the fight
And to the rescue came.
‘O wisest love! that flesh and blood,
Which did in Adam fail,
Should strive afresh against the foe,
Should strive, and should prevail.’
PAUL’S CONCEPTION OF CHRIST’S WORK
I. St. Paul recognised in the Christ the Divine manhood or true Being of mankind.—This manhood was, he says, personified in the first Adam, who was a living soul embodied in the rudimentary conditions of animality and innocence. By means of self-chosen methods, under the influence and temptation of their outwardly attractive and promising appearance, Adam and Eve sought to realise their nature and destiny; but in so doing they pass under the dominion of the outward world; and learn in the sorrow and suffering of bondage to this dominion, the ineffectiveness of self-efforts based upon the outward appearance of things. For the realisation of the Nature and Destiny of man such efforts are a transgression of the law of Righteousness. The law of human development is self-surrender to the inspirations of the inward principle of life—a law of development abundantly illustrated in the Garden of Eden. In the fullness of time the Divine manhood is personified in Jesus, the second Adam or Man. He refuses any alliance with the powers of the outward world, however specious and alluring. He repudiates all self-chosen methods, and surrenders Himself only and wholly to the inspirations of the indwelling Spirit of Life. By His obedience he realises, through suffering and death to self, the destiny of the Divine sonship of the race. He became emphatically ‘the Christ,’ declared by His resurrection to be the Son of the Living God. The last and closing revelation of the Divine manhood is an inward revelation of the exalted Christ, the glorified Son of Man Who is our true God and Eternal Life. He is the Life-giving Spirit indwelling the being of every man, and He it is who realises the Divine Sonship in each and all who believe in the Christ as the Life of mankind; for in Him is the Resurrection Power Who raises this life into fullness of consciousness in every member of the race. As such He is, in the language of St. Paul, ‘the Lord and Giver of Life’—‘the last Adam, Who became a Life-giving Spirit.’ We need again and again to be reminded that this Life-giving Spirit in the being of every man is the Living God of Christianity—is the Lord God, in fellowship with Whom is found the Wisdom and Power that brings men into the peace and joy of life eternal. All other gods are idols.
II. The function of the Christ, according to St. Paul’s estimate, is to present to the world the true Image of Divine love, and to reproduce in all that believe this Divine love to be the eternal life of men the same image and likeness; making them in all things ‘perfect, even as their Father Which is in heaven is perfect.’
Rev. R. W. Corbet.
Illustration‘The law which had slain his former life of comparative innocence now puts to death the new life of effort to conform to its commandments. He is again at-two within himself. He finds himself consenting to the law that is holy, righteous, and good, even at times delighting in the law of God inwardly; but he sees a different law ruling his outward members, warring against the law of his mind, and bringing him into bondage to the law of sin and death which is in his members. He is doubly slain; the old life without the law is impossible. The law killed that life, and the new life of moral endeavour under the law is also impossible. It has made sin more exceedingly sinful, but it has contributed no power adequate to counteract and to overcome the overmastering exactions of the law of sin and death which rules the outward conditions of existence. Sin still reigns; its reign is recognised to be infinitely disastrous, but all efforts to dispute and put an end to its reign have signally failed; and in this failure the new life of moral endeavour has received its death-blow as an instrument or way of righteousness. “O wretched man that I am! who shall deliver me out of the body of this death?” is the cry of every ardent soul who has struggled, together with St. Paul, to conform to the law of righteousness by any will or efforts of their own. But, as ever, “man’s extremity is God’s opportunity,” and in the extremity of his distress he found, as others find, the answer to their question of despair. “I thank God, through Jesus Christ our Lord.” All that was necessary to crown with infinite satisfaction the aspirations of man’s true nature was found in the exalted Christ—the glorified Son of Man.’
THE GREAT DELIVERER
(a) He discovers his inability to realise it. When he ‘would do good, evil is present.’ Day by day his efforts are frustrated or miserably fail.
(b) By-and-by the source of this weakness reveals itself. He becomes conscious of a force, law, or process within his own nature, opposing the law of righteousness. It subjects him to a grievous thraldom. And as he reflects upon the fate to which such a tendency, if unchecked, will surely consign him, he calls out in horror and alarm.
II. The need of a deliverer.—The helplessness of the sinner would occasion despair, were it not relieved. ‘Who shall deliver me from the body of this death?’ This alarm is intended to be produced that he may ask the more earnestly for One Who is ‘mighty to save.’
(a) He does not appeal to the justice of God: it is for mercy he cries. And only mercy can intervene in such a case.
(b) A greater than human power is required. We can help one another in many things, even spiritual things. But there are ills and burdens we cannot remove.
III. The Deliverer found.
(a) The relief is immediate. The figure employed, as also the ecstatic thanksgiving, preclude the idea of a gradual deliverance. It is through such deep and excited moments of realisation that the great transition is made.
(b) Solemn and heartfelt gratitude is evoked. Salvation from sin is our greatest debt to God. His creation brought us into being, and His providence sustains us in comfort and sufficiency; but His grace surpasses all. The natural utterance of one so marvellously delivered would be, ‘What shall I render unto the Lord for all His benefits toward me?’
Illustration
‘It has been supposed by some that the “body of death” mentioned is an allusion to the Roman custom of attaching corpses to prisoners convicted of capital offences—a loathsome and terrible burden! But it is unnecessary to conclude that this was Paul’s intention. The inward experience might in itself be so described. When good and evil incarnate themselves, so to speak, in the same nature, there must be the utmost discord and misery. But the pain accompanying such spiritual disclosures is not arbitrarily inflicted. It is sent to bring us to our true and only Saviour.’